The total output is 1,390.8 billion Jin! This year, the grain output reached a record high, and the new era has remained above 1.3 trillion Jin for nine consecutive years. Where did the harvest answer sheet come from?

　　By policy. Grant rice subsidies, one-time subsidies to actual grain farmers, etc., and increase investment support.

　　By technology. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs launched a large-scale unit yield improvement campaign for major crops such as grain and oil, and promoted the "five good" comprehensive solution of improved varieties, fertile fields, good laws, good opportunities and good systems.

　　By hard work. Farmland water conservancy and high-standard farmland construction have been solidly promoted, and the foundation of grain production capacity has been continuously consolidated. Storing grain on the ground and storing grain in technology.

　　Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, all localities and departments thoroughly studied and implemented the important exposition of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and together with hundreds of millions of farmers, wrote this heavy harvest answer sheet.

　　-editor

　

　　62.4%　

　　Contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress　

　　To build an agricultural power, the sharp weapon lies in science and technology. In recent years, China’s agricultural science and technology innovation ability has been steadily improved, and the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress has increased from 54.5% in 2012 to 62.4% in 2022, which has provided strong kinetic energy for the high-quality development of agriculture. Science and technology are the fundamental way to stabilize and increase grain production. All regions and departments are guided by tackling key agricultural core technologies and oriented by industrial demand, focusing on chassis technology, key agricultural machinery and equipment, and constantly strengthening agricultural science and technology support.

　　With the support of science and technology, farming will become a "smart farming". Modern information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data and Beidou navigation have been accelerated in planting production, and technologies and equipment such as precision sowing, smart irrigation and plant protection drones have been widely promoted. Sending skills to the fields and serving the villages, nearly 500,000 agricultural extension workers in China play an irreplaceable role in stabilizing grain supply, increasing production and income. A new technology has landed, and the fields are full of scientific and technological kinetic energy, highlighting the hard support of the "golden pole" of agricultural modernization. With the help of science and technology, agricultural production is constantly improving quality and efficiency.

　　1 billion mu　

　　Built-up area of high standard farmland　

　　Cultivated land is the lifeblood of food production, and farmland construction is a key measure to consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions. In recent years, with the joint efforts of various regions and departments, the work of farmland water conservancy has been solidly promoted, and the construction of high-standard farmland has been steadily accelerated, which has played an important role in ensuring the stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products. By the end of 2022, a total of 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland had been built in China, thus ensuring a stable grain production capacity of more than 1 trillion Jin, providing a basic support for ensuring a stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products. In the first ten months of this year, about 60.5 million mu of high-standard farmland construction was completed nationwide.

　　High-standard farmland has strong ability to preserve soil, fertilizer and water, and the average grain yield per mu is generally increased by 10%-20%, with high and stable yield, drought and flood, and green planting … At present, the quality of cultivated land in China has entered a stage of continuous improvement and overall improvement.

　　Insist on storing grain on the ground and storing grain in technology, vigorously promote the construction of farmland water conservancy and high-standard farmland in all localities, and continuously improve the quality of cultivated land, laying a solid foundation for ensuring national food security and accelerating the construction of an agricultural power.

　　73%　

　　Comprehensive mechanization rate of farming and harvesting　

　　Advanced mechanical equipment is an important material basis for storing grain in technology. At present, the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest in China has exceeded 73%, with 1.8 million sets of agricultural machinery and equipment equipped with Beidou positioning operation terminal, and the foundation of granaries in big countries has been continuously consolidated.

　　Agricultural mechanization has brought about changes in production methods. Sprinkle the medicinal plant protection drone, and you can apply fertilizer accurately by clicking the screen of the mobile phone; The electric-driven high-performance seeder cooperates with Beidou navigation and driving, and the linear error is less than 2.5 cm … In the sky, in the ground and in the internet, all kinds of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment "show their talents", and mobile phones have become "new farm tools".

　　Agricultural mechanization is an important guarantee for grain saving and loss reduction. In the past, harvesting wheat by hand was time-consuming and laborious, and the loss was 5%-8%. Nowadays, the average harvest loss under normal conditions is only about 1%, and the new intelligent Beidou navigation combine can further reduce the harvest loss.

　　At present, agricultural mechanization is accelerating from the cultivation and harvesting of main crops to the whole process of grain production such as straw treatment and drying. Vigorously promote agricultural mechanization and intelligence, and insert the wings of science and technology into agricultural modernization.

　　23 million people　

　　Number of rural practical talents　

　　The key to rural revitalization lies in people. At present, there are more than 23 million rural practical talents in China, of which 8 million have cultivated high-quality farmers. In recent years, the demonstration and driving ability of rural practical talents has been continuously enhanced, and more and more high-quality farmers have joined the vast countryside. In 2022, the proportion of high-quality farmers who obtained the titles of peasant technicians and national vocational qualification certificates increased by 6.64 percentage points and 3.46 percentage points respectively compared with that in 2021. The participation of a large number of new forces such as college graduates and migrant workers has promoted the continuous improvement of the rural talent team structure.

　　At present, all localities and departments actively build nests to attract phoenix, strengthen the combination of local training of rural talents and external introduction, implement talent engineering projects, increase policy support, optimize the entrepreneurial environment and corresponding services, and guide more talents who love agriculture, understand technology and are good at management to join modern agriculture and rural construction. We will implement the project of cultivating "Head Goose" for rural industry revitalization leaders, carry out training for rural practical talents, further give full play to the leading role of high-quality farmers in the fields of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and inject new kinetic energy into rural comprehensive revitalization.

　　96%　

　　Coverage rate of improved varieties of crops　

　　Seed is the "chip" of agriculture, and improved varieties play a key role in promoting grain production. In recent years, the revitalization of seed industry has been solidly promoted and a number of breakthrough results have been achieved. At present, the coverage rate of improved varieties of crops in China is over 96%, the contribution rate of improved varieties in agricultural production is over 45%, and the area of self-selected varieties accounts for over 95%.

　　This year is the third year of seed industry revitalization in China. As of October, more than 530,000 germplasm resources of crops, livestock and poultry and aquatic products have been newly collected in China, and the "national team" of improved seed breeding consisting of 216 crop seed production bases and 300 livestock and poultry breeding stations has improved its seed supply support capacity from 70% to 75%. Generally speaking, China’s seed science and technology has been at the advanced level in the world. This year, all localities focused on promoting high-oil and high-yield soybean varieties, the quality of soybeans was significantly improved, and the variety structure was further optimized.

　　Promoting the revitalization of seed industry for a long time. It is necessary to give further play to the institutional advantages, accelerate the self-reliance and self-reliance of high-level seed industry science and technology, guide resource elements to gather in seed industry enterprises, and realize the modernization of the whole industry chain of seed industry.

　　6.2 million　

　　Number of new agricultural management entities　

　　Strong management system is one of the important characteristics of a strong agricultural country. By the end of September this year, there were more than 2.21 million farmers’ cooperatives and nearly 4 million family farms, and the number of new agricultural business entities reached 6.2 million. More than 1.07 million organizations have provided socialized services and become farmers’ intimate "field nannies", serving more than 91 million small farmers, covering over 1.97 billion mu.

　　Organize the advantages of farmers to appear. Farmers’ cooperative members take farmers as the main body, organize small farmers to carry out specialized production and large-scale operation on the basis of stabilizing the contracted management of farmers’ families, and cooperate to break into the market, thus effectively improving the efficiency of agricultural operation. As an effective organizational form to develop moderate scale management and modern agriculture under the market economy, cooperatives and family farms give new connotations to the two-tier management system and inject vigorous vitality into the rural basic management system.

　　Service-driven ability is enhanced. The business scope of cooperatives and family farms covers the production of major agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil, meat, eggs, milk, fruits and vegetables, tea, etc., and has carried out contiguous planting and large-scale feeding, making a number of advantageous industries with "township name" and "local name" bigger and stronger, and promoting the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

　　Manuscript writing: Our reporters Gao Yuncai, Chang Qin and Yu Jingxian.

　　Coordinator of this period: Yin Xinyu, Cheng Juxin and Jiang Xuejie.

　　Source: National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

　　Layout design: Zhang Fangman

　　On 26th, local time, India announced the latest COVID-19 epidemic situation in the country.

　　As of 8: 00 on the same day, in the past 24 hours, India has added 352,991 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with a total of 17,313,163 confirmed cases. In the past three days, India has added more confirmed cases; There were 2812 new deaths and 195123 cumulative deaths.In the past three days,The cumulative number of newly confirmed cases of COVID-19 in India has exceeded one million. The newly confirmed and dead cases have once again set a new record in this country.

　　The epidemic situation in India continued to worsen, and the cumulative number of newly diagnosed cases exceeded one million in three days.

　　△ Schematic diagram of cumulative confirmed and dead cases of New Crown Pneumonia in India on the 26th (Source: WHO)

　　According to local media reports, the epidemic in India has been in the losing stage. In the capital, New Delhi, almost every 300 seconds, one person will die because of COVID-19.

　　According to the analysis of many foreign media, the epidemic situation in COVID-19 in India is so serious. On the one hand, the successful research and development of various vaccines led to the relaxation of epidemic prevention in India. On the other hand, the United States, as an important importer of medical raw materials in India, started the National Defense Production Law early, and restricted the export of vaccine raw materials for a long time, which led to the lack of medical care and medicine in India.

　　India urgently needs vaccine raw materials, but the United States turns a deaf ear.

　　△ Adar Poonawalla, CEO of the Indian Serum Institute, posted a message on social media, "pleading" with US President Biden to lift the ban on the export of vaccine raw materials in India.

　　The world’s largest vaccine manufacturer — — Adar Poonawalla, CEO of India Serum Research Institute, posted a message on social media on April 16th, "pleading" Biden’s government to lift the ban on India’s export of vaccine raw materials in order to increase India’s vaccine production. Reuters also revealed earlier that the foreign ministers of India and the United States also mentioned lifting the import ban during their talks on April 19th. However, the United States has never responded to this.

　　△ the State Council spokesperson Price

　　It was not until 22nd that a reporter’s question at the White House press conference broke the silence of the United States for the first time, although the United States was still pushing each other.

　　According to the minutes of the press conference that day, US State Department spokesman Ned Price first pushed the question to the Office of the US Trade Representative in response, saying that it was within their authority. After facing the reporter’s unrelenting questioning, Price said "the truth".

　　△ US local media reported that at the press conference that day, Price once again emphasized "US priority" and refused to export vaccine raw materials to India on this ground.

　　Price first said that the United States focused on controlling the epidemic in the United States, giving priority to vaccinating the American people, and stressed that the American approach was "ambitious", "fruitful" and "successful". Later, he continued to argue: "We do this for several reasons. First, we have a special responsibility to the American people. Second, in the United States alone, more than 550,000 people have died and tens of millions have been infected. The American people have been hit harder by the epidemic than other countries in the world. " Finally, he concluded: "It is not only in the interests of the United States to vaccinate Americans, but also in the interests of other countries in the world."

　　Indian media criticized the United States for making "vague verbal promises"

　　△ "The Times of India" published an article entitled "The United States made vague verbal commitments because it was criticized for turning a deaf ear to the COVID-19 epidemic in India" on the 23rd.

　　This speech instantly detonated the anger in India. The Times of India issued a document for two consecutive days, criticizing the U.S. government for turning a deaf ear to the Indian epidemic, saying that the so-called guarantee of the United States is only a "vague verbal promise" and pointing out that the Biden administration has done almost nothing except verbal sympathy.

　　△ "The Times of India" published another article on the 24th, saying that the Biden administration was cold-hearted about India’s urgent need for COVID-19 vaccine raw materials.

　　According to a report by Washington post on the 24th, only 1.4% people in India have been vaccinated, and overcrowded hospitals are facing the problem of lack of oxygen, while the United States is enjoying a spring full of vaccines. What makes the Indian people even more angry is that the United States would rather throw the extra vaccine in the warehouse like this than export the raw materials for vaccine production to India.

　　△ The New York Times reported on March 11 that the United States is sitting on the tens of millions of doses of COVID-19 vaccine that the world urgently needs.

　　On March 11th, The New York Times quoted an official familiar with the matter as saying that more than 30 million doses of vaccine were idle in a warehouse in Ohio, USA, and no one had ever used it. The Axios News Network of the United States commented that "when billions of people around the world are anxiously waiting for vaccines, 30 million doses of vaccines are eating ash in Ohio warehouses."

　　Indian netizens accused the US of being "hypocritical", "diplomatic rhetoric" and "untrustworthy"

　　△ Indian netizens accuse the United States of selfish behavior

　　Under the video of Price’s speech, an Indian netizen commented, "History will remember that a country with a population of 1.4 billion has helped more than 90 countries, while a so-called superpower is sitting on piles of vaccines. We won’t forget it, @ President of the United States ".

　　△ Indian netizens talked about India’s previous aid to COVID-19 drugs in the United States, but now the United States has turned a blind eye to India.

　　A netizen even turned over the old account and left a message: "When India itself was experiencing a serious COVID-19 epidemic, the United States successfully obtained hydroxychloroquine from India (which was previously considered as a specific drug for treating COVID-19, but was later confirmed by WHO to be almost ineffective). Now the United States is still banning the supply of vaccine raw materials to India. Obviously, the United States has become the most untrustworthy country on earth. "

　　In the case of accusations from all sides and the growing epidemic in India, it was not until the 25th that US President Biden and Vice President Harris began to formally respond, saying that they would provide assistance to India.

　　△ The Vice President of the United States posted a message on his personal social account on 25th local time, saying that he would support India in fighting the COVID-19 epidemic.

　　However, the Indian people who have been deceived and ignored for a long time obviously don’t buy it. A large number of Indian netizens commented that this move is still "hypocritical", "diplomatic rhetoric" and "untrustworthy", and they are still full of doubts about the US statement.

　　△ Indian netizens said that Harris’s move was just diplomatic rhetoric and could not be trusted.

　　△ Indian netizens replied that we need more details. Please don’t continue to publish such diplomatic rhetoric. We need actions, not "so-called statements".

　　The epidemic situation of COVID-19 in India is getting more and more serious, but the aid of the United States is far away

　　While the Indian people are still waiting for American aid in the epidemic, the epidemic in India has developed into a frightening situation.

　　△ABC reported that the epidemic situation in India continued to intensify, and crematoriums in many places had been cremated by burning bodies in the open air.

　　According to foreign media reports, in some crematoriums in India, the metal parts began to melt because of the long running time of gas stoves and wood stoves, and cremation stoves were damaged because of too many bodies to be burned. A large number of bodies could only be burned in the most primitive way. In many hospitals in India, there have been many suffocation accidents caused by lack of oxygen recently.

　　△ CNN published on the 26 th entitled "The COVID-19 epidemic in India is more severe. Two of the US diplomats in India died and more than 100 people tested positive for COVID-19."

　　CNN quoted diplomats working in the US Embassy in India as saying: All the staff were deeply frustrated, and even the staff of the US Embassy could only get vague statements before the actual assistance from the United States arrived.

　　Producer Tang Yi

　　Producer Zhao Xinyu?

　　Editor-in-Chief: Cui Yi

　　Editor Jin Lvcheng

The cold wave hits the bone, and the flu season increases the sorrow. Just after a holiday, I don’t know if everyone is well.

According to the report of influenza-like cases in the 52nd week of 2023 released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention on January 4th, the percentage of influenza-like cases reported by sentinel hospitals in southern provinces was 9.6%, which was higher than the previous week’s level (8.8%) and the same period in 2020-2022 (3.6%, 4.0% and 8.4%), and influenza viruses were mainly subtype A (H3N2).

On December 24th, at the press conference held in National Health Commission, Peng Zhibin, director of the Department of Respiratory Infectious Diseases of the Infectious Diseases Management Office of China CDC, said that personal protection was recommended for the elderly, pregnant women, children and patients with serious chronic basic diseases aged 65 and above.

So what should the elderly do in the face of flu season? Come and have a look with me.

First of all, we need to know what the flu is.

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus.

Influenza viruses are divided into three types: A, B and C, and the main ones that can cause outbreaks are A and B, among which influenza A is mainly subtype A 1 (H1N1) and A 3 (H3N2).

Often referred to as influenza A virus. There are often symptoms such as sore throat, cough, stuffy nose, runny nose, vomiting, diarrhea, etc., which is difficult to differentiate from the symptoms of respiratory tract infection caused by other pathogens. Vaccination of influenza vaccine in advance is the most economical, effective and important measure to prevent influenza.

Secondly, why are the elderly more likely to get the flu?

The joint research team from the University of Michigan and Temple University found some clues-as people get older, a lipid that controls inflammation will gradually weaken the immune defense ability of the lungs, which will lead to the damage of alveolar macrophage, the first line of defense of the lungs, with age. Macrophages are immune cells, which are distributed in pulmonary alveoli or alveoli. Their main function is to attack external "invaders" such as influenza A virus (IAV).

In addition, the lung compliance of the elderly is decreased, the respiratory muscle strength is weakened, and the cough reflex is also weakened. If there are factors such as coexistence of multiple diseases and malnutrition, it will easily lead to influenza infection in the elderly.

According to the latest "Technical Guidelines for Influenza Vaccination in China (2023-2024)", the elderly aged 60 and above are also classified as key and high-risk groups.

So, what kinds of influenza vaccines can be vaccinated for the elderly?

Currently, influenza vaccines on the market include trivalent influenza vaccine and tetravalent influenza vaccine.

The so-called trivalent influenza vaccine means that it can prevent the infection of three types of influenza viruses, including influenza A H1N1, influenza A H3N2 and influenza B Victoria strains.

The tetravalent influenza vaccine can prevent four types of influenza virus infection, including influenza A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2), influenza B (Victoria) and influenza B (Yamagata). In view of the epidemic of influenza A (H3N2) this year, vaccination with trivalent influenza vaccine or tetravalent influenza vaccine can effectively prevent it.

Finally, what is the preventive effect of influenza vaccine on the elderly?

Usually after 2-4 weeks of influenza vaccination, antibodies with protective level can be produced. The protective effect can last for 6-8 months, and then the antibody begins to decay.

Special reminder

In daily life, the elderly should frequently open windows for ventilation, strengthen air circulation, exercise regularly and maintain a good lifestyle. In the flu season, try to avoid going to closed places where people gather.

Xiaobian also specially sorted out the vaccination information of the vaccination clinic in Jinshan District. If necessary, you can go to the vaccination according to the vaccination information.

Compile | manage you

Image | network intrusion and deletion

Original title: China CDC: It is recommended to vaccinate against influenza as soon as possible, especially for the elderly.

Read the original text

　　　[Guangming Forum Review]

　　Author: Feng Yanli (special researcher of the New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, the supreme leader of China Academy of Social Sciences, and deputy director of the Institute of Philosophy)

　　The recently published 13th issue of Qiushi magazine published an important article by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, "Strive to grow into a pillar talent who is loyal and reliable to the Party and the people and worthy of the heavy responsibility of the times". The article emphasizes that "young cadres are the hope of the development of the cause of the party and the state, and the party and the people have high hopes for you. Everyone must temper the political character of loyalty to the party, establish the feelings of the people’s home and country, pursue a noble and pure ideological realm, practice excellent skills that are worthy of heavy responsibilities, work hard for the cause of the party and the people, and leave a footprint of struggle without regrets in the new era and new journey! " When talking about "practicing excellent skills", the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader quoted the old saying that "a gentleman does not suffer from disrespect for his position, but from disrespect for virtue; It calls on young cadres to adhere to the combination of theory and practice, pay attention to learning true knowledge and understanding the true meaning in practice, and strengthen their ability to hone and grow.

　　"A gentleman doesn’t suffer from the disrespect of his position, but from the disrespect of his virtue; Not ashamed of Lu’s lack of cooperation, but ashamed of wisdom. " The phrase "Biography of Zhang Heng in the Later Han Dynasty" by Fan Ye in the Southern Song Dynasty means that a gentleman is not worried about the low status, but is afraid of the shallowness of virtue; Not ashamed of the lack of money, but ashamed of the lack of ability and political integrity. Zhang Heng was an outstanding scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was famous for improving the armillary sphere and inventing the seismograph. He not only has the talent of learning from heaven and earth, but also has the ambition of prospering the country and helping the people. He is good at sizing up the situation and advancing and retreating moderately. Throughout his life, Zhang Heng was diligent in learning, upright, incorruptible and official, proficient in the Five Classics and six arts, and "was superior to the world without arrogance". He once declined to be a high-ranking official, but took a low position to help the virtuous master, to promote schools, revitalize rites and music, improve Ren Xian’s ability, change folk customs and promote production, which was quite praised by the people.

　　A hundred lines are headed by virtue. China has always attached importance to virtue, as the saying goes, a man without virtue cannot stand, and a country without virtue cannot prosper. According to Zuo Zhuan’s Twenty-four Years of Xianggong, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Sun Bao, the uncle of the State of Lu, put forward the theory of three immortals in life: "There is virtue in the world, followed by meritorious service, followed by making a statement", emphasizing virtue first. Kong Yingda defined Lide in Tang Dynasty: "Lide means creating vertical laws and giving alms to the masses". It can be seen that tempering virtue can lead by example and set an example for the world, and realize the ambition of saving the world and the people. On the contrary, if virtue is not in place, there will be disaster. As the book of changes under the copula points out, "virtue is thin and respected, knowledge is small and ambition is great, strength is small and heavy, and it is rare." Therefore, Confucius advocated "aiming at the Tao and relying on morality", and Sima Guang also emphasized "taking the heart as the foundation and self-cultivation as the foundation". Lide is the foundation of settling down and making contributions.

　　How can the vast party member stand as a virtue? When attending the deliberation of the Chongqing delegation at the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "leading cadres should stress political morality. Political morality is the vane of moral construction in the whole society. To establish political morality, we must be virtuous, keep public morality and be strict with private morality. " To be virtuous is to always stick to the political stance and build a solid foundation of ideals and beliefs. Ideals and beliefs are the spiritual "calcium" of communist party people. Without ideals and beliefs, ideals and beliefs are not firm, they will be mentally "calcium-deficient" and will get "rickets". Keeping public morality means adhering to the concept of building the party for the public and governing for the people, and adhering to the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. To be strict with personal morality means to be strict with self-cultivation, the use of power, and self-discipline, to dust off "ideological dust" frequently, to think about "greed and harm" and to break "thieves in the heart" frequently, to strictly restrain one’s conduct and behavior, to always maintain the political nature of being pragmatic and honest for the people, and to be an official in a clean and honest manner. The majority of leading cadres should always cultivate the virtue of politics, always think about the harm of greed, always be self-disciplined, and constantly improve their personal ideological realm and moral cultivation.

　　"Talent, the capital of virtue; Virtue is also handsome. " For communist party people, party spirit is the greatest virtue. At present, the education on studying and implementing the theme of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era is being carried out in all parts of the country in an orderly manner, with the general requirement of "learning thoughts, strengthening party spirit, emphasizing practice and building new achievements" as the general requirement, so as to promote the broad masses of party member cadres to strengthen theoretical study, constantly improve their ideological awareness and theoretical level, ensure political and party spirit firmness with theoretical sobriety, build a solid foundation of faith, supplement the calcium of spirit and stabilize the rudder of thought. While carrying out in-depth education on ideals and beliefs, revolutionary traditions and traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, we should continue to promote the education of party style and clean government, take the study of party rules and discipline in party constitution as an important part of party spirit education, combine internal cultivation with external constraints, and guide party member cadres to establish a correct view of power, achievements and career. In addition, party member cadres should not only match their positions with morality, but also with talents, so as to increase their talents through practice and tempering. As the saying goes, "Knife grinds on stone, and people practice on things", and learning is promoted by learning and learning by doing.

　　The great cause of the party and the people needs a large number of good cadres who are loyal and clean and have both ability and political integrity. Throughout the history of the party in the past century, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always attached great importance to the party spirit cultivation and skill experience of leading cadres. Comrade Mao Zedong once earnestly pointed out: "To cultivate a large number of people, these people are the vanguard of the revolution. These people have political foresight. These people are full of fighting spirit and sacrifice spirit. These people are frank, loyal, positive and upright. These people do not seek personal gain, but only for the liberation of the nation and society. " Groups of strugglers with both ability and political integrity have participated in and witnessed the brilliant victories and achievements of the country in various historical stages. In the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, it is also inseparable from the tens of millions of strugglers’ commitment, determination and unity, so as to win even greater victories and more brilliant glory for the country and the nation.

　　Guangming Daily (11th edition, August 14th, 2023)

Sichuan’s first brand-new brand-Guoya brand, nearly 100 luxury cars are on the market.

Sichuan province introduced the first luxury car with a trademark, and the price was as high as several million dollars.

Guoya, the first new flagship of Hongqi, ushered in a brilliant delivery day in Sichuan. This is not a simple handover ceremony, but a milestone in the domestic luxury car industry. This car is definitely a sincere gift, designed for those who enjoy the elegance and luxury from the East in the cumbersome official procedures.

Red Flag is a luxury car with millions of units. It sticks to the old road of Rolls-Royce and draws inspiration from Bentley, but it is different in some small details. Its logo resembles Rolls-Royce’s "Goddess of Flying", which skillfully combines the charm of high technology. It is like God’s arrival when it is launched, and quietly retracts when it is closed. Every time it is opened and closed, it shows the special status of the owner.

Guoya introduced 3.0TV6 and 4.0 T hybrid power. Guoya’s price is relatively low, only 1.1-1.2 million yuan, which exempts expensive luxury goods tax. The other model sells for about 1.3 million yuan, which is widely expected. The top version is even close to 1.8 million yuan (including purchase tax), and it is difficult to hide its glory as the pinnacle of domestic luxury cars: the ultra-thin body of 5353 mm makes Guoya and a star class D. Give play to your own strength and be proud of being a nation that has been questioned.

At the moment when consumption is downgraded, companies like Hongqi naturally give the market more choices. Just like the leading app in the field of e-commerce, it is hard to pull out a piece of meat from a giant such as a treasure.

It is reported that Lingchao is the hottest new e-commerce platform this year, and it has played the slogan of "reducing prices without degrading quality" at a time when the whole people save money. Leading the tide app has pushed the imported high-luxury prices of Adi tide shoes, water ghost watches and Kouchi men’s and women’s bags, which are sought after by young people, from thousands or even thousands to less than 200, and it took only four months to rush to the top of the download list. It confirms the evaluation of many young users: consumers don’t care who is more famous, only care who is more cost-effective!

It can be seen that the choice of the market is the choice of consumers, and the most important thing to do a good job in the enterprise is to do a good job in cost performance.

This luxury 4.0 T 8-cylinder model shines brightly in the sun, and the price of more than 1.8 million yuan is not as good as that of Maibakh S580, but judging from the interior, the temperament of this car makes everyone present feel proud. A car is not only a car, but also a symbol of social status, which is a clear manifestation of a nation’s strength and confidence.

Nationwide, with the strong support of domestic famous brands, the appearance of Hongqi Guoya has been highly recognized by the government. Hongqi Guoya not only surpassed Maibakh and Bentley in sales performance, but also won the glorious title of highway and highway special car. Sichuan’s first 8-cylinder top 4.0 T engine was booked, which is not only an affirmation of Hongqi brand, but also shows that it has great confidence in the development prospect of luxury cars in China. This convenience without government approval gives this luxury car a "public" atmosphere, and it also shows that it will be the first choice for more tasteful people.

　　(Text/Sohu Auto Qiu Liying) Before, a senior said that the strength of a car company only needs to walk around the factory. This time, Sohu Auto walked into the assembly workshop of Changan Ford’s third factory and the core laboratory of a factory in Chongqing with the media. If there were some doubts about the quality problems frequently exposed by Changan Ford before, then this trip opened an impression for us. If I want to use one word to describe my feelings, it is "detail control".

　　The author has participated in the activities of car companies entering the factory many times, but it is the first time that I was asked to wear such a bracelet when entering the factory. In order to prevent close contact with vehicles from damaging the paint and interior, everyone who enters the factory needs to cover the watch and belt buckle. In our impression, such details may only be made by Japanese people who are more hairy, and it is hard to imagine that they will be associated with American cars that have always been rough.

　　"Quality" is the most frequently mentioned word in this activity. Changan Ford’s quality control runs through three links: product design, manufacturing and after-sales service.

　　As the basis of all manufacturing, design and development is the root of a high-quality product. Li Peng, deputy director of the Technology Development Center of Changan Ford Automobile Co., Ltd., told us that the design stage of Changan Ford mainly includes the global Ford product development process, China’s unique environmental conditions and customer demand input, and product verification before launching in China.

　　For Ford’s R&D personnel, any unconstrained design must follow the global Ford product development process. After a hundred years of Ford’s global verification, optimization and experience summary, Changan Ford’s development process has a series of strict node review and product verification requirements. These nodes include project review nodes, engineering review nodes, engine development review nodes, appearance review nodes, vehicle loading, engine installation verification nodes, etc., to ensure that all designs can be finally realized.

　　In order to better meet the needs of consumers, Changan Ford’s input of China’s unique environmental conditions is the most important part in the whole design process. At the beginning of product design, Changan Ford should fully consider the influence of oil, temperature, humidity, road conditions, air quality and altitude. Especially considering the bad weather such as smog in China, in order to fully adapt to various extreme environments, the durability experiment of China dust particles was added, and the doors and trunk were developed to ensure that the air quality inside the car was not affected by the external environment. In addition, for the China market, Changan Ford has also done a lot of research on the preferences and needs of users in China, in order to better meet the consumer demand in driving habits and spatial layout.

　　After the design of localization requirements is completed, Changan Ford will also carry out on-the-spot verification of products before putting them on the market. It is reported that each Changan Ford product has to go through more than 10,000 parts-level experiments and six loading stages before mass production. In the vehicle verification process, each product has to go through more than 1,000 vehicle verifications, and complete the durability test of more than 300,000 kilometers of professional road test lanes and more than 1 million kilometers of comprehensive road test lanes.

　　In addition to the road test, Changan Ford also carried out rigorous accelerated corrosion tests of car bodies. In various environments such as special roads and experimental boxes for corrosion tests, nondestructive analysis of metal materials, disassembly analysis of corroded car bodies and other testing methods were adopted to ensure that each car has sufficient durability to resist the erosion and influence of the external environment.

　　In addition, in terms of suspension system, every model of Changan Ford needs to complete the vehicle-level suspension impact test before mass production. Through the tests of roadside impact test road and square pit impact test road, it is ensured that the suspension system of the vehicle can fully meet the needs of customers, so as to bring excellent driving experience.

　　After the end of the vehicle research and development stage, Changan Ford will strictly select suppliers. Gary, the supplier technical support manager of Changan Ford Technology Development Center, told us that Changan Ford has strict quality access standards in supplier selection, which are evaluated from four aspects: supplier’s business ability, logistics management ability, engineering ability and quality assurance ability. After the supplier obtains the qualification of network access, it will be closely monitored during the development process to ensure that the product can successfully pass the project start-up, prototype stage, trial production and final mass production.

　　Changan Ford strictly follows Ford’s global production system, including seven major systems and seven aspects of consistency, so as to ensure the orderly consistency of the whole production process.

　　Based on the perfect production system, Changan Ford also has advanced production technology and modern equipment:

　　The stamping production line has realized fully enclosed and automatic production. For example, the fully automatic cross-bar manipulator transmission equipment is adopted to ensure that there is no dust pollution and appearance damage of parts during the whole processing process, and the deterioration of human contact with parts during the transmission process is also eliminated. The whole process has realized full automation, high precision and high stability. At present, the production line has reached the leading level of Ford in the world. At the same time, in order to ensure that high-quality stamping parts enter the welding workshop, the product quality is further inspected and monitored by blue light scanning device and three-coordinate measuring device.

　　The whole welding workshop has nearly 500 robots, which makes the welding automation reach the advanced level in the industry. At present, the industry-leading laser welding and brazing technology is adopted in the top cover and side position to ensure the welding quality and improve the production efficiency. In addition, Changan Ford has a perfect inspection system for welding appearance and solder joint quality, including automatic laser inspection equipment that can realize real-time online monitoring of 200 measuring points. With the help of ultrasonic measuring instrument, it can realize full coverage and seamless exploration of solder joints once an hour, thus ensuring the safety and controllability of the welded car body. At the same time, it can also save the vehicle results and trace the defects, which not only ensures high-quality products, but also provides very valuable information for quality tracking and quality control.

　　Changan Ford’s painting workshop also adopts automatic painting production line, which not only leads the industry in VOC emission, but also has excellent performance in product paint quality, and is in a leading position in Ford’s global Asia-Pacific region. Changan Ford adopted a turnover pretreatment electrophoresis production line, which can realize the 360-degree reversal of the car body inclination, thus effectively ensuring zero and uniform electrophoresis film; At the same time, the electrophoretic paint with high swimming permeability further ensures the uniformity of electrophoretic film in the inner compartment of the car body, which greatly ensures the corrosion resistance of the car body.

　　In the assembly workshop, Changan Ford has a fully automatic glass glue installation design. Through 3D video positioning, the front and rear glass can be installed automatically, and the positioning accuracy can be controlled within plus or minus 0.15mm, which ensures the consistency of chassis system assembly and the maneuverability of the whole vehicle to the maximum extent.

　　Fan Jinling, director of the quality department of Changan Ford, needs to go through about 1,600 inspections before each car leaves the factory. The contents and methods of these inspections come from Ford’s more than 100 years of experience in building cars, and some adjustments are made by combining the feedback from customers in China. In addition to the standardized inspection in the production process, every car must stay in the factory for sampling inspection after it is off the assembly line. The combination of standardized inspection and random inspection strives to be foolproof.

　　In order to let us feel the strict inspection standards of Changan Ford more intuitively, this activity also specially arranged an interesting FCDA test: the incoming reporters were divided into four groups to inspect four "problem cars" with the same problems from the perspective of consumers. Although the author tried his best to find it, the problem was so subtle that it was too "abnormal" to find any.

　　In the rain test, we also experienced the most powerful rainstorm we have ever seen in our life. The whole process lasted about three minutes, and more than 200 nozzles sprayed water at the same time, the intensity of which was equivalent to 6 times of the intensity of the strongest rainstorm. Even if the wiper was turned on to the highest grade, we could not see the situation in front of the car. In this case, there is a very high requirement for the sealing performance of the vehicle. Once the sealing performance is unqualified, there will be nothing to hide.

　　Finally, the author and his party came to the western Chongqing proving ground in Dianjiang County to experience the test link of Changan Ford PASCAR.

　　PASCAR is a kind of Ford vehicle durability test. During the test, the durability and reliability information of the vehicle, subsystems and parts can be obtained. Durability is the ability to resist the influence of heavy use, dryness, humidity, high temperature, extreme cold, snow melting, corrosion and oxidation in the design service life (10 years and 240,000 kilometers), without the recession that causes customer dissatisfaction.

　　The whole PASCAR test is divided into two stages, namely stage 1 structural strength and stage 2 dynamic system. The first stage focuses on the accelerated structural durability assessment of chassis and body parts, and the second stage focuses on the durability and high-speed durability of power system.

　　Through PASCAR test, engineers will study the problems collected in the test, and constantly improve the quality of vehicles to meet the use needs of strict customers and extreme customers.

　　Remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind. In today’s highly competitive market environment, enterprises should be cautious in every step, otherwise they will face market elimination. Changan Ford, which has been established for 15 years, is welcoming users’ scrutiny with a new attitude. We hope that under the goal of quality first, Changan Ford can bring us more excellent products.

Students considering buying a car, you are blessed. In 2025, Land Rover, the new model was changed to the market, the configuration was increased, and the price was lowered. It is still very sincere to increase the quantity without increasing the price.

The first new car star pulse

The modeling design is very atmospheric and powerful, and it looks more arranged than before. Compared with the old model, the price of the new model remains unchanged, and the configuration has been upgraded by 10 items. The steering wheel electric adjustment, leather seats, Land Rover OS2.0 car system, adaptive far and near light, daytime running lights, and two rear charging interfaces are provided. In addition, the internal seats are also made of leather.

In the middle model, the front seat heating function and steering wheel memory function are added; High-profile models will match Windsor leather seats; In fact, the overall product competitiveness of the new Range Rover Star Pulse is still very good.

The new car has released a total of four models, with the guide price of 2.0T version starting at 568,000, the top matching at 678,000 and three models on the market. Only one version of the 3.0T version was released, and the price started at 788,000. The guide price is not cheap, but the decline of Range Rover Star Pulse this year can reach 170,000 to 200,000, and the cost performance is getting higher and higher. The lowest start is 400,000, and the top match is 600,000. I really didn’t dare to think about it before.

The new Range Rover Star Pulse 2.0T engine is matched with 8AT, with 250 horsepower; The 3.0TL6 cylinder engine is matched with 8AT, and it will join the 48V light mixing system with 400 horsepower. The whole system comes standard with front full-time four-wheel drive.

Although the new model is not bad, we need to understand the shortcomings and faults, and there are only three points with more feedback on the shortcomings:

First, some car owners think the space in the back row is relatively small, but I think it’s ok. The back row is quite large, and everyone feels differently.

Second, the fuel consumption is on the high side. Generally, the fuel consumption of this large-displacement engine will not be too low, and it will be about 2L to 3L higher than the official fuel consumption, which is also normal.

Thirdly, some car owners’ feedback control performance is poor, and suspension training is not particularly ideal, but the feedback is not particularly large, and most car owners are still satisfied. The suspension adjustment of this relatively sporty SUV will be a bit hard.

As for the problem of fault complaints, the fault rate of the new model has been reduced by about 3 to 4 times compared with the old model. The total number of fault complaints of the new model is now less than 20, and the workmanship quality is more solid. Fault complaints are only aimed at air conditioning problems, as well as service problems in 4S shops, sales of faulty cars, no spare parts, and unfulfilled sales promises.

The second new car Range Rover Sport Edition

Its sales far exceed that of Range Rover. This medium and large luxury SUV is really domineering in design and sporty in body. Its chassis is very high, the passability is very good, and it will come standard with air suspension system and central differential lock; The high-profile models will match the low-speed four-wheel drive and the overall active steering system.

The new 2025 Range Rover Sport Edition has released a total of 6 models. The guide price of the 3.0T version starts at 950,000, and the top price is 1.29 million, but the discount can be about 130,000 to 150,000. The naked car starts at 820,000, and the top price is 1.14 million. Compared with the old model, the guide price has been lowered by 18,000. As for the 4.4T version, it is still an old model that is currently on sale. The price starts at 2.438 million, and the price is quite not cheap. It will provide two styles to choose from.

What adjustments have been made to the configuration of the new Range Rover?

The new car focuses on the 3.0T version. Compared with the old model, the price is lowered by 18,000, and the configuration is increased by four items. The low-profile model is upgraded to electric. In addition to the entry level, the electric suction door will be added, and the high-profile upgraded steering wheel heating function will be added. The car refrigerator will be added to the top model. Although there are not many configuration upgrades, they are all very practical.

Power configuration

The 3.0TL6 cylinder engine is matched with 8AT, and the engine horsepower is 360, with a maximum of 400. The performance is very strong, and the acceleration of 100 kilometers is 5.7 seconds. The whole system is equipped with front full-time four-wheel drive. As for the 4.4TV8 engine matching 8AT, the engine horsepower is 635 horsepower, and the acceleration of 100 kilometers is 3.8 seconds. The dynamic performance is indeed very tough, but the price is close to 2.5 million, which is quite not cheap.

How to choose the Range Rover Sport Edition?

For the 3.0T version, I personally suggest to look at the high-power entry level, and the configuration is increased by 18 items. Bare cars started at 900,000 and landed at about 1 million. If the regional subsidies are deducted, the landing should be less than 980,000. This year’s subsidies have nearly doubled compared with last year. Compared with the low-profile models, it not only upgrades the 294kW engine, but also upgrades the 20-inch tires, electric suction doors, Windsor leather seats, front seat leg rest+ventilation function, second-row seat heating function, 30-color interior atmosphere lights, and streaming media rearview mirrors. In terms of safety assistance, it will also upgrade the rear collision warning, ACC full-speed adaptive cruise, L2-class assisted driving system, 12 ultrasonic radars and 3 millimeter-wave radars.

Third New Car Land Rover Defender

The configuration of the new 2025 models has changed greatly. There are 11 new models on the market, with the 90th version starting at 688,000, the top with 1.266 million and three models on the market. After the discount, the naked car started at 618,000 and the top was 1.2 million. The price of the 110 version starts at 798,000, and the top is 1.466 million, and five models are listed; After the discount, the naked car started at 728,000 and the top was 1.4 million. The price of the 130 version starts at 908,000, and the top is 1.028 million, and three models are listed; After the discount, the naked car started at 848,000 and the top was 968,000. For your reference, the subsidies and concessions in each region are completely different.

What adjustments have been made to the configuration of the new Land Rover Defender?

Through the comparison between the old and new models, the price of the 90 version is increased by 10,000 compared with the old model, but the configuration is upgraded by 6 items, ACC adaptive cruise at full speed, wireless charging of mobile phones, and leather-like seats; The high-profile models will also add the heating function of the second row of seats and the refrigeration function of the car refrigerator. Compared with the old version, the price of the 110 version is also raised by 10,000, and the configuration is increased by two items, and the car refrigerator and speakers are upgraded to 15.

As for the 5.0TV8 cylinder model, the current price is 1.266 million, and the top is 1.466 million. Only 90 and 110 versions are available. Compared with the old model, the price remains unchanged, and the configuration is upgraded by 7 items. The interior seat is upgraded with Windsor leather material, AQS air quality management system, car refrigerator, Land Rover OS 2.0 car system, 5 cameras outside the car, 12 ultrasonic radars and 3 millimeter-wave radars.

Power configuration

Still continue the old 2.0T matching 8AT engine with 300 horsepower. 3.0TL6 cylinder engine with 400 horsepower. The 5.0TV8 engine matches 8AT horsepower with 525 horsepower, and the whole system comes standard with front full-time four-wheel drive.

How to choose the 2025 Land Rover Defender?

You can watch the 3.0T version of the 90th edition, which is 19 items more than the 2.0T configuration. The naked car started at 738,000 and landed at 820,000. The interior upgraded leather steering wheel, leather mix-and-match seats, Windsor leather, heating function of the second row of seats, rear axle, L2 auxiliary driving system, rear collision warning and complete configuration.

As for the 110 version of the 3.0T dark special edition, the exterior design is very domineering, and it also has a trailer hook and a matrix light group. After the discount, the naked car started at 878,000 and landed at 970,000, which is at least 18 items more than the low-profile model. Inside, not only the car refrigerator refrigeration function, the rear privacy glass, but also the streaming media rearview mirror are added.

Spy photo express

WEY’s appearance adopts the square box shape commonly used in hard-core off-road vehicles, which is obviously different from the urban streamlined design style of the previous generation models of WEY brand, but it is somewhat similar to it. This masculine shape is easy to stimulate male hormones! It’s exciting!

The side spy photos show that the ground clearance of the real vehicle is high, and the approach angle and departure angles are large, so the off-road performance is worth looking forward to. It is worth noting that in the spy photos, a spare tire was placed on the tailgate and another spare tire was placed under the car. The design of double spare tires can be said to be fully prepared for high-intensity off-road

The interior design still has a certain sense of luxury, especially the two connected screens, which are very imposing. It is estimated that its car system will be more comprehensive and more powerful.

In terms of power, WEY300 has three power forms: fuel /HEV/PHEV, equipped with 8AT gearbox and 9AT gearbox. 3.0 GDIT engine+China’s first vertical 9AT gearbox, the power reaches 260 kW, and the peak torque is as high as 500 Nm. After matching P2 hybrid system, the total power reaches 380 kW and the total torque is as high as 750 Nm!

It is also equipped with an active suspension system with an adjustable range of 120 mm and a wading depth of 965 mm, so it can easily cope with moderate urban floods.

Such powerful power parameters and strong enough chassis settings make WEY tank 300 invincible in the off-road "battlefield"!

Technical analysis

On July 20th, Great Wall Motor announced that it would build a modular "Lemon" platform, use "Tank WEY" to build a luxury off-road vehicle belonging to China, and build a temperature-sensitive "coffee intelligence" architecture that can interact with AI.

Lemon, tank and coffee seem to have nothing to do with intelligence and technology, but they are the blueprint for Great Wall Motor to move forward in the next decade. The protagonist WEY Tank 300 in this paper is the first model of modular lemon platform.

WEY tank 300 is the beginning of the green lemon platform, and more SUVs and pickups with strong performance and different styles will be born. Standardized modular design and high scalability enable Green Lemon Platform to quickly build a series of exquisite models with outstanding performance and stable quality at very low research and development cost.

Brand impression

The first impression of WEY brand comes from this unique vertical logo, which originated from the flagpole of the landmark building "Baoding Zhili Governor’s Office" in Baoding, China, the hometown of Wei Jianjun, the founder of Great Wall Motor Group. The unique logo carries Wei Jianjun’s high-spirited fighting spirit. The English word ""below means "guidance and leadership".

WEY brand was born in November 2016. As an independent luxury SUV brand in China, WEY was destined to be a pioneer from the day it was born, and it was surrounded by more auras, but it also shouldered greater responsibilities.

In 2017, we moved from pioneering to leading: using standards to set a benchmark for the leaders of luxury SUVs in China; We forge ahead, leading China brands to break through themselves and keep moving forward.

In 2018, we will surpass WEY: from WEY in China to WEY in the world, and become the pioneer of China brand’s upward and outward breakthrough.

In 2019, a new vision, a new world: WEY was inspired by design and became the choice of young people; WEY is perceived by China customers with China style; WEY is guided by strength and is determined to move forward; WEY opens up a new world with a forward-looking vision.

In 2020, WEY Tank 300 was born, adhering to the mission of "bringing luxury at your fingertips to China and WEY luxury to the world" and taking "becoming a global luxury SUV leader" as the vision.

Do not forget your initiative mind, keep moving.

　　-Israel invaded Lebanon

　　On June 6, 1982, on the pretext that its ambassador to Britain was assassinated by Palestinian guerrillas, Israel dispatched more than 100,000 army, navy and air force to launch a large-scale attack on the Palestine Liberation Organization guerrillas and Syrian troops in Lebanon. It took only a few days to occupy half of Lebanon. This is the biggest war between Israel and Arab countries since the death of four Middle East wars, and it is called the "Fifth Middle East War".

　　War background

　　Generally speaking, the cause of the Lebanon-Israel war is still the continuation of the Palestinian dispute. The main purpose of Israel’s invasion of Lebanon is to destroy the Palestine Liberation Organization, seek to establish a pro-Israel regime in Lebanon and crowd out Syrian troops in Lebanon.

　　In order to establish their own country, the Palestinians established the Palestine Liberation Organization in May 1964 and launched a war with Israel. The PLO guerrillas are based in neighboring Arab countries, mainly in Syria and Lebanon. In 1970, the headquarters of the PLO and the main guerrilla force led by it entered Lebanon from Jordan, and later directly intervened in Lebanon’s domestic struggle, propped up and armed Islamic forces, and cracked down on pro-Israel Christian forces, gradually taking control of southern Lebanon and Beirut, the capital, and becoming a "country within a country". And build military facilities, attack and shell northern Israel from time to time, especially in the fourth Middle East War, the PLO guerrillas assisted Egyptian and Syrian troops to launch guerrilla warfare and attacked Israeli military bases, warehouses and radar stations. Become a menace to Israel.

　　In 1982, Israel felt that the time had come: first, the war between Britain and Oman broke out and became the focus of international attention; Secondly, the Iran-Iraq war continues, and the two countries have no time to take care of it. There are contradictions between Arab countries that support Iran and Iraq, and the Arab world has been torn apart; Third, the domestic situation in Syria, which may support and cooperate with the PLO during the war, is unstable, and there are also contradictions between Palestine and Syria; Fourth, we can use the pro-Israeli forces in Lebanon-Christian armed forces; Fifth, after the return of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt and Israel have reached a settlement, and Egypt will not get involved in the war.

　　Military forces of all parties before the war

　　I. Armed forces in Lebanon

　　1. PLO Armed Forces

　　The PLO armed forces are mainly PLO guerrillas, with a total of about 25,000 people (including 6,000 field troops), which are organized into 50 battalions, 300 tanks, 300 armored vehicles and 1,100 guns.

　　Distribution of main forces: there are about 6,000 troops in the western part of Beirut, 8,000 troops in various positions in the south, 5,000 troops in the Bekaa Valley, and the rest are deployed in northern Lebanon. The PLO guerrillas have more than 400 warehouses in southern Lebanon, storing a large number of weapons, ammunition and other military supplies.

　　2. Syrian Army in Lebanon

　　2 armored brigades, 2 mechanized infantry brigades, 1 assault battalion and air defense units, totaling 30,000 people. After the war broke out, four more brigades were invested, bringing the total strength to 46,000, with 900 tanks, 600 armored vehicles and 350 planes.

　　The main forces are subordinate to Bekaa Valley, Jazzin Region and Shufu Mountain. Some troops are stationed in Beirut West Zone, Tripoli and major towns along the strategic road from Beirut to Damascus.

　　3. United Nations peacekeeping forces

　　It consists of 7,000 troops from France, the Netherlands, Norway, Fiji and Nepal, and is stationed on the common border between Lebanon and Israel.

　　4. Lebanese government forces and various armed forces

　　There are more than 23,700 Lebanese government troops, including one mechanized infantry brigade, one armed reconnaissance battalion, nine infantry battalions, one artillery battalion, more than 200 armored vehicles and 230 guns. In addition, it is also equipped with "Milan" and "Tao" anti-tank missiles. It is mainly stationed in the eastern part of Beirut and parts of northwest Lebanon.

　　In addition to government forces, there are more than 40 armed forces in Lebanon, mainly including:

　　(1) The Muslims armed Shiites, Druze and Sunnis, with a total of about 20,000 full-time armed personnel, are in opposition to the Christian Pike Party.

　　(2) haddad militia is a pro-Israel force, with about 36,000 people, deployed in the 8-10 km zone of Lebanon on the border with Israel.

　　(3) The Christian Phalangist militia, led by Bacher Gemayel, has more than 40,000 people and is stationed in the east of Beirut, north of Beirut-Damascus highway and northwest Lebanon.

　　Second, the Israeli army

　　There are 15 brigades, more than 100,000 people, 1,500 tanks, 1,500 armored vehicles, 400 planes and more than 20 ships.

　　War course

　　In the first stage (June 4-13), Israel launched a full-scale attack, and the PLO and the Syrian army suffered heavy blows, and the Israeli army surrounded the western part of Beirut.

　　On June 4, Israel dispatched planes to attack Beirut and the PLO guerrilla base in southern Lebanon.

　　At 11 o’clock on June 6, the Israeli army dispatched four brigades with about 20,000 people. After five hours of artillery and aviation fire preparation, with the support of helicopter gunships, naval, air and artillery fire, it launched a sudden attack on the PLO guerrillas in the west, middle and east on the front of 53 kilometers wide.

　　1, the ground forces attack

　　The West Road is the main direction of the Israeli army, and has invested more than five brigades. The first echelon, with two armored brigades, each with 200 tanks and armored vehicles, set out from Nahariya and Rushhanikla, surrounded Sur in Nakura and Bint Jubail through the areas controlled by haddad militia and United Nations forces, and launched siege fighting with the cooperation of airborne troops and landing troops and Lebanese haddad militia. At that night, it carried out street fighting and was attacked by the PLO guerrillas. Two brigades of the second echelon (an armored brigade and a mechanized brigade) entered the battle at 1800 hours, and one of them moved eastward to cooperate with the middle road; A brigade marched northward to encircle the PLO guerrillas south of the Litani River. On the 8th, the third echelon of the Israeli army entered the battle, continued to attack the north and surrounded Damour. However, to the south of the city, Saadia, only 19 kilometers away from Beirut, was stubbornly resisted by the PLO guerrillas, and its northward advance was blocked. On the 9th, West Road Israeli troops occupied Sidon and Damour, and landed in Halda with a battalion of troops. When the PLO troops retreated from Damour, they blew up the bridge. On the 10th, the Israeli army, consisting of 6 brigades, 35,000 men and more than 300 tanks, with the cooperation of Christian right-wing militia from the north, besieged Beirut and bombed Beirut’s western and southern suburbs international airports in turn. Israeli ships blocked Beirut from the sea. The PLO made great efforts to strengthen the defense in Beirut West Area and repelled the Israeli attack at the international airport and Halda area. The PLO armed forces killed Major General Yekutiel Adam, the commander-in-chief and deputy chief of staff of the Israeli army at the front line near Damour. On the 11th,The main force of the Israeli army arrived near Beirut International Airport, and the other part fought against the Syrian army. In order to negotiate with the PLO, Syria declared a ceasefire with Israel according to Israeli conditions when the PLO was in extreme difficulties, and the ceasefire took effect at 12 o’clock local time. Since then, Syria and Israel have stopped fighting. On the 12th, the Israeli army continued to attack the PLO position in the southern suburbs of Beirut, which met with stubborn resistance from the PLO armed forces. At 19: 00 GMT, the ceasefire between Israel and Palestine came into effect. Seven hours later, the two sides opened fire again. On the 13th, the Israeli army entered the eastern part of Beirut, and immediately, with the cooperation of the Phalangist militia, the Israeli army surrounded about 8,000 PLO guerrillas in the western and southern parts of Beirut.

　　With the middle road as the direction of assist, a brigade, the first echelon of the Israeli army, set out from Shemola area on the morning of 6th, crossed Haldali, surrounded Fort Shojaei, and the main force Nabatiyah attacked. On the afternoon of the same day, the Israeli army began to storm Fort Shojaei and conquered it at dawn on 7th. An armored brigade of the second echelon entered the battle, besieged Nabatiyah with the cooperation of paratroopers, and broke into the city at 9: 00 on the 7 th. A small number of troops started street fighting with the PLO guerrillas, and the main force continued to advance northward, and the day before yesterday, it went out to Jiejin area. With the cooperation of the Israeli army on the East Road, after the capture of Jiejin City, they divided into two roads, all the way west, and participated in the siege of Zahrani and Saida; Journey to the south, attacking Syrian armored forces in Shufu area, launched a tank battle with Syrian army there. The Syrian army lost 150 tanks. On the 9th, Israeli troops parachuted near Aindala. With the cooperation of airborne troops, the ground troops captured Aindala, and then took control of the Beirut-Damascus highway.

　　East Road is the containment direction, and an armored brigade of the first echelon of the Israeli army launched an attack on Sheba. Later, it developed an attack on the Bekaa Valley, containing and monitoring this direction, and cutting off the ties between the PLO guerrillas and the Syrian army. On the 7th, after the first echelon captured Sheba, the second echelon entered into battle and launched an attack on Hasyaba. After succeeding, it launched an attack on Syrian defensive positions in Lasia and Kaukaba. On the 8th, after capturing the towns of Lasia and Kaukaba, they marched northward along the west side of Bekaa Valley, pointing to the last section of Beirut-Damascus Highway, in an attempt to cut off the Syrian army’s retreat and block reinforcements. On the 10th, the Israeli army fought fiercely with the Syrian army in the east of Lake Karun, killing an armored brigade of the Syrian army. From September 9 to 11, Syria lost about 150 tanks in the battle.

　　2. Air combat in Bekaa Valley

　　In order to seize the air superiority, Israel decided to attack Syria’s missile base in Bekaa Valley to eliminate its air defense capability. This is also one of the main purposes of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.

　　Bekaa Valley is located in the eastern part of Lebanon near the Syrian border. It is a long and narrow strip from south to north. The mountains on both sides of the valley are continuous and the terrain is dangerous. The main ground troops stationed in Lebanon are deployed here. In order to protect this unit from Israeli air strikes, Syria has deployed air defense units with Sam-6 missiles as the main equipment in the Bekaa Valley since May 1981.

　　At about 2 pm on June 9, the Israeli army dispatched 96 F-15 and F-16 fighter planes for high-altitude cover, and under the command of E-2C early warning aircraft, F-4 and A-4 attack planes bombed the missile base in the Bekaa Valley violently.

　　When the Syrian army learned of the Israeli air raid, it dispatched more than 60 MiG-21 and MiG-23 fighter jets from all over the country, gathered in Bekaa, and launched an air battle with the Israeli army. Due to the electronic interference of the Israeli army, the Syrian army aircraft lost contact with the ground after taking off, and the anti-aircraft missiles also lost control after launching. The quality and equipment of Israeli pilots were better than those of the Syrian Air Force, and they took the initiative in the air. However, the Syrian Air Force was inflexible in tactics and relied too much on the command of the ground command post, resulting in passive beatings in the air. On the first day of air combat, the Israeli army destroyed 19 positions of Syrian air defense missile company and shot down 29 Syrian aircraft. On the 10th, the Israeli army dispatched 92 planes of various types to attack the Syrian army’s Lebanese command post and the nearby air defense missile base. The Syrian army took off 52 planes to fight, and as a result, 25 planes were shot down and 7 air defense missile companies were destroyed. Syria has been operating in the Bekaa Valley for more than 10 years, and the air defense system costing $2 billion was destroyed, while Israel lost only 10 aircraft, including 6 drones and helicopters.

　　It took only eight days (June 6-13) for the Israeli army to advance more than 90 kilometers, occupy about 3,000 square kilometers of Lebanese territory, destroy all the bases of the PLO guerrillas in southern Lebanon, wipe out a large number of PLO effective forces, seize all the PLO warehouses in southern Lebanon, and surround the PLO headquarters with 2,000 people and 5,000 armed men in the west and south of Beirut. At the same time, it dealt a heavy blow to the Syrian army.

　　In the second stage (June 14th-September 15th), the PLO withdrew from the west area of Beirut, and the Israeli army won.

　　On June 14th, after fierce fighting, the Israeli army took control of the runway of the international airport. On June 16th, with the cooperation of the Phalangist militia, the Israeli army captured the Science College Building, an important stronghold for controlling the airport. On the 17th, the Israeli army shelled the international airport and nearby areas, took control of Hadile International Airport, and further reduced the siege of the PLO headquarters. On the 18th, the Israeli army announced a ceasefire to the besieged PLO, but demanded that it lay down its arms and withdraw from Beirut, which was rejected by the PLO. On the 22nd, the Israeli army attacked the Syrian army again, and occupied Hamdoon, forcing the Syrian army to retreat, thus tightly controlling the west area of Beirut.

　　From June 26th, the Israeli army continued to strengthen its troops surrounding the West Beirut and its defense against the Syrian army. By July 18th, the troops surrounding the West Beirut had increased to about 35,000 men in seven brigades, with about 700 tanks and 710 large-caliber artillery pieces. Trying to cooperate with political negotiations with military pressure, forcing the PLO to withdraw from Beirut West Area.

　　On June 27th, the seventh emergency special session of the General Assembly adopted a resolution demanding that Israel cease fire immediately and withdraw its troops from Lebanon unconditionally. At this time, in order to preserve its strength, the PLO agreed to leave Beirut West. On the 28th, the PLO put forward three conditions for Israel to withdraw from Lebanon: (1) Israeli troops should withdraw 5 kilometers from the south of Beirut; (2) Keeping a symbolic Palestinian military unit in the Lebanese army; (3) Keep the political structure of the PLO in Beirut. Israel rejected these three conditions, demanding that relevant PLO groups must surrender their arms to the Lebanese Army and all PLO members should withdraw from Beirut and Lebanon. On July 6, the PLO refused to be escorted by the US military, demanding that a multinational peace force be deployed in Beirut to escort the PLO armed forces to evacuate safely. On August 1st, the Israeli army captured the international airport, entered the museum area in the west area of Beirut on the 4th, surrounded the PLO headquarters building on the 5th, and bombed the PLO headquarters building on the 6th. During this period, the Israeli army also bombed the Bekaa Valley.

　　On August 12th, PLO announced its willingness to withdraw from Beirut West Zone. From August 21st to September 1st, more than 12,000 PLO headquarters and guerrillas were evacuated from Beirut West Zone to eight Arab countries including Jordan, Iraq, Tunisia, Sudan, Syria, Algeria, South Yemen and North Yemen. 25,000 Syrian soldiers stationed in Beirut West also withdrew to Bekaa Valley on August 30th and September 1st. From 21 to 25, French, American and Italian soldiers of the multinational force arrived in Beirut in batches to perform the task of guarding the withdrawal of the PLO and Syrian troops from the western part of Beirut. On September 10-13, the multinational forces also left Lebanon one after another.

　　On September 15th, the Israeli army moved into the west area of Beirut on the grounds that Lebanese President Bacher Gemayel was killed. Under the pressure of international public opinion, on September 29, the Israeli army withdrew, and multinational peace forces returned to Beirut West District to maintain order. But a large number of Israeli troops still occupy it. After five months of negotiations, Lebanon and Israel signed a withdrawal agreement. However, both Syria and the PLO opposed this agreement and the agreement was abolished. Since then, the Israeli army has unilaterally withdrawn from Lebanon in batches.

　　In this war, more than 3,000 people were killed or injured in the saline-alkali land of the PLO, more than 100 tanks were destroyed, 500 guns were fired, and more than 400 secret warehouses were occupied. The Syrian army suffered more than 1,000 casualties, lost more than 400 tanks and 58 aircraft.

　　(Excerpted from The Story of Major World Military Events after World War II, edited by Xie Zhaohui and Luo Qingwang)

Editor: Wang Yuxi

　　Recently, NATO has increased the deployment of military forces in Eastern Europe. The picture shows October 13th, in siauliai, Lithuania, NATO E— 3A airborne early warning aircraft arrived at the air base. Xinhua news agency

　　The two-day meeting of NATO defense ministers ended in Brussels, Belgium on October 27th. The meeting decided to expand NATO’s military presence in Eastern Europe in order to deter Russia from "constantly invading". In response, Russia immediately responded by strengthening its military strength in the Baltic Sea. Some analysts pointed out that with the escalating military wrestling between NATO and Russia in the Baltic region, the suspicion of the Cold War once again shrouded.

　　With the complete integration of land, sea and air, NATO sent 9,000 more troops to five countries in Eastern Europe.

　　At the press conference after the meeting, NATO Secretary General Stoltenberg said that NATO will deploy four battalions of multinational forces in the Baltic countries and Poland early next year. The defense chiefs of several NATO member countries responded positively at this meeting and announced their plans to send troops to form this multinational force.

　　It is reported that the total strength of these four battalions is 4,000, and the configuration strength also includes armored forces and drones. These fighting forces will be combined with missile defense, air patrol and cyber attack defense, and when potential conflicts occur, more forces will be assembled to advance to the Baltic Sea and Poland.

　　The four battalions will also be supported by a NATO rapid reaction force. The strength of this rapid reaction force was only 13,000 last year, and now it has expanded to 40,000. It can reach any place in the world by land, sea and air within a week, and deploy a vanguard of 5,000 troops within 48 hours.

　　Stoltenberg also announced that Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Turkey, Britain and the United States will also send troops to join a new NATO brigade in Romania to strengthen their military presence in the Black Sea. The brigade has at least 5000 people. Britain will also send Typhoon fighters for the first time to patrol the Black Sea and provide air support for Turkey.

　　The British "Daily Mail" analysis believes that this will be NATO’s largest military deployment in Eastern Europe since the end of the Cold War, showing NATO’s determination to fight with Russia.

　　Russian threat? Putin said it was ridiculous.

　　Stoltenberg said that Russia has assembled more than 330,000 troops on the borders of NATO member countries. "Just this month, Russia deployed a nuclear warhead-capable ‘ Iskander ’ The missile unilaterally tore up the agreement reached with the United States on handling weapons-grade plutonium. "

　　"The multinational force we formed this time is a real multinational force, which sends a very clear message: NATO is one, and attacking any member state is an attack on our collective." Stoltenberg claimed that the main purpose of NATO’s military presence in the Baltic and Black Seas is to strengthen the collective defense force, aiming at deterring Russia and preventing conflicts rather than provoking them.

　　Grushko, Russian representative to NATO, said that since 2014, the NATO defense ministers’ meeting has not sent any signal to improve the relations between Russia and NATO. Although it has always claimed to "keep an open dialogue", it has actually been comprehensively curbing Russia. It is expected that this momentum will continue for a long time.

　　Russian President Vladimir Putin said at the Valdai International Forum a few days ago that Russia is not prepared to invade any country, and the analysis materials of some experts in Europe and America are incredible, stupid and unrealistic. The United States and NATO have a total population of about 900 million, while Russia has less than 200 million. It is ridiculous to talk about the Russian threat theory. However, it is profitable to publicize the imaginary Russian military threat and deploy troops and weapons near Russia’s borders. It can cater to the interests of superpowers and bring more military budgets to our country.

　　The British Guardian website commented that after the end of the Cold War, the whole world thought that it would be easy to breathe from now on, and it would no longer live in the nuclear terror of the hegemony of great powers. But now, as NATO and Russia continue to engage in military wrestling in the Baltic Sea, people are beginning to worry about whether they will return to the terrible old days.

　　Give birth to new fears and cast a shadow over regional security and stability.

　　Zivadin Jovanovic, President of the Belgrade Equal World Forum, said in an interview with this reporter that many conflicts in the world are caused by fear, and the surge in troops in sensitive areas is a major cause of fear. NATO’s large-scale deployment of troops in Eastern Europe will stimulate Russia to generate new fears, which will inevitably trigger a new round of arms race and bring new unstable factors to the already fragile regional security.

　　Jovanovic believes that NATO is a product of the Cold War, which has already ended, and NATO should have entered the history museum long ago. In order to seek legitimacy for its continued existence, NATO has been involved in regional conflicts since the end of the Cold War, from Afghanistan and Iraq to Libya and Mali. However, wherever NATO went, it eventually left behind a mess that could not be cleaned up. People’s livelihood was depressed, the economy was paralyzed, society was in turmoil, terror prevailed, innocent civilians were massacred, and survivors were forced to embark on the road of escape. Europe is also a victim of NATO’s global military intervention led by the United States, and the refugee tide that has plagued Europe is a bitter fruit planted by NATO.

　　"Russia Today" news agency quoted danilov, director of the European Security Department of the European Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, as saying that there was no reasonable explanation for a series of actions of NATO in its relations with Russia. To limit Russia’s need for "leverage", the West can now be described as "indiscriminate leverage". It is impossible to prohibit Russian warships from crossing the Da Daniil Strait, and it is also impossible to prevent Russia from cooperating with the Syrian government, so there is a "pragmatic approach" for NATO to expand its military presence now.

　　Ermak Fu, an expert at the Russian Institute of Strategic Studies, believes that Russia is now suffering from the consequences of the wrong policies in the 1990s, and Russia did not fully prevent NATO’s eastward expansion when withdrawing its troops from the Baltic and Eastern European countries. However, the west does not intend to abide by the agreement signed with Russia, so now NATO has reached its doorstep. What Russia is worried about is not the military strength currently deployed by NATO, but this trend.

　　(People’s Daily, Brussels, Moscow, October 28th, reporter Ren Yan in Belgium, reporter Qu Song in Russia)