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1905 movie network news Directed by Cao Baoping and written by Jiao Huajing, the film starring Sophie, Guo Jinglin, Yitong Zhi, Zhou Zhen, Dai Xu, Huang Shijia and Cao Xinyue was officially released nationwide on December 7th. Praises such as "empathy" and "soothing growth" have made the film jump out of the category of youth films and rise to a broader level. However, the restrained mood, realistic expression and the unique audio-visual style that the master created intentionally made some viewers feel a little depressed after watching the movie. Especially in the face of image symbols in many films, they even make "incomprehensible" sounds.

　

In fact, the screenwriter and director of the film have different intentions in the metaphor of details, and it is from the subtleties that we should understand Dog Thirteen. As Sophie, the star of the film, recalled, "When I was filming that year, I thought it was normal. Looking back now, the usual waves are very scary. " The following is an attempt to list the metaphorical interpretations of Dog Thirteen, which make people think deeply and fear. It should be emphasized that this moment includes but is not limited to these 20 articles.

　

1 father chooses "ambition"

As soon as the film started, the protagonist Li Wan and his father were called to school by the class teacher. Li likes physics, but her English performance is not good. The teacher suggested that she join an English interest class. This kind of thing is "not negotiable" between the daughter and the father. After some entanglement, the father forced her to "sign the name" and "report the class". This scene made many people shout "It’s me!" Looking back on everyone’s childhood, how many times did your parents help you decide your "interests" and "ambitions"?

　

2 puppies in wine boxes

　Not long after the opening of the film, the puppy in xifeng liquor’s box appeared. This scene looks very realistic. It’s normal for my father to take a wine box with him and put a puppy in it. In fact, the "wine and meat image" of the film began, and then the "wine table culture" and even the cruel "eating dog meat" that the protagonist Li Wan had to experience laid the groundwork from this moment.

　

The puppy’s name is Einstein."

"Love what?" Einstein. When Li played to name the puppy, the audience showed a knowing smile. This is not just a "foreign name". What kind of 13-year-old girl would name her puppy Einstein? In fact, it is the theory of relativity put forward by this great scientist that is the important basis to support the view of parallel universe. And the parallel universe is exactly what Li wants to play day and night. In addition to the meaning of the parallel universe, the name "Einstein" also contains Li Wan’s incomprehension in the face of growth and many subtle things. When she can’t find a way out, she has to seek more macroscopic companionship, which is also her loneliness.

　Li Wan named the puppy.

Boys should be named well.

Li Wan welcomed a younger brother who didn’t know his existence, but this younger brother ignited the emotions of the extended family. Grandpa named his grandson and bluntly said, "We should choose the name of the boy doll well, not like playing." From this point of view, the name played by Li is like a "joke", which belongs to the behavior of "doing it at will". My younger brother was later named "Zhao Zhao" by my grandfather. In the film, my father’s cultural friend called on everyone to read more books, so we went through it: in Laozi — — The laity is clear, and I am alone. "Zhaozhao" means to understand and be clear. In Songs of the South, "Zhao Zhao" means light. From this point of view, this brother is the hope of the whole family.

　

5 "noisy" soundtrack

　In terms of auditory language, Cao Baoping boldly launched the Sichuan independent musician Baishui’s comprehensive operation. From new folk songs to post-rock, Baishui is unique in the field of independent music in China. However, the soundtrack of Dog Thirteen was criticized by some viewers as "too full and noisy" and "sounds like a horror movie". In fact, the original soundtrack of the film made by Mr. Baishui for Dog Thirteen, among which a 40-second "Heartbeat Moment" can be said to be extremely accurate. Appeared at the first moment when Li Wan saw Einstein: the misplaced enthusiasm was aroused, and it must not be a panic at the moment, but a pulse of microwave that fainted under the deep still water, which is also a unique "sense of terror". The expression of the soundtrack of the whole film also hides metaphors, just as the music critics said: "The instrumental music with the piano as the main body is empty and illusory, which tells the spiritual separation and inner confusion when people face involuntary life; The electronic notes that jump like brain waves and the ups and downs that are as light as tinnitus are interspersed, which exposes the unwillingness and resentment that people are naturally suppressed when they grow up, and the almost hysterical resistance and pain in the depths of body and mind in the forced transformation. " The bold use of tinnitus and howling electronic noise in the film may make some viewers feel noisy, but it also vividly shows the emotional stagnation and conflict of the characters.

　

6 Li Wan’s taste in music

Li Wan not only likes reading physics books, but also has a different taste in music from ordinary children. In the room where Li plays, there are not only posters of Axl Rose, the lead singer of Gunhua band mr. six, but also posters of Avril Lavigne’s 2004 album Under My Skin. Why did you hang this one? Perhaps the Chinese translation of this album can explain the problem: cool to the bone. Some netizens pointed out that in Li’s headphones, it seems that the "Don’t cry" of the independent band waist band in the Mainland sounded; When her father knocked at the door, she "responded" with Nirvana songs. Another example is the concise theme of "Night Flowers" at the end of the film; Plus the film propaganda song classic "Oh! Be good, tell less happy things in a happy way. It can be said that the music world played by Li includes several generations of rock musicians, which is one of the reasons why Dog Thirteen can hit audiences of all ages with precise details.

　

7 grandpa’s authority

Seemingly kind, the corner of grandpa who repeatedly broke the golden sentence made many viewers like it. But carefully observing the role of grandpa, it is not difficult to feel the problem of Chinese intergenerational rearing. He is usually gentle and dotes on children. But after losing the dog, I still can’t say "sorry" to my granddaughter. When family disputes escalate, he needs to show his father’s authority. "Grandparents are not as good as a dog!" Just one line points out the root of the conflict between the elders and the younger generation. The dialogue between grandpa and his father also made the audience realize that his father grew up like this! It can be seen that the Chinese family education, which has been passed down from generation to generation, has never changed.

　Li Wan and his father

8 Photographers are "beaten" with their daughters

　The first climax of the film comes from the father’s violent treatment of his daughter. Many viewers either shed tears or could not bear to see the scene. In fact, Luo Pan, the original director of photography, used his shoulder to move the lens to the end, but later he was edited again by director Cao Baoping. Recalling the scene of his father Guo Jinglin’s emotional outburst, Luo Pan said: "I was the first witness in that scene. I was afraid of carrying the camera and was kicked when shooting." Even the photographer "never let go", which shows how devoted the actors are to the interpretation of this scene.

　

Father apologizes to his daughter.

　The father took the initiative to "reconcile" his daughter’s violent behavior, and then apologized in tears, which surprised many viewers and even shouted: "This world is too crazy!" "How can a father apologize to his 13-year-old daughter in China?" In fact, this scene was specially made by director Cao Baoping. In his view, it is "realistic and poetic". Think more, Li Wan always talks about the parallel universe and imagines himself in another space. Who can confirm that this scene of father-daughter reconciliation is real? Isn’t it the beautiful yearning of my daughter in the parallel universe?

　

10 milk turns into red wine

　Li can’t drink milk when she plays, and she throws up when she drinks it, and so does her brother. This is not melodramatic. In fact, it is lactose intolerance. However, Li Wan’s grandparents and fathers don’t even remember it. Li Wan, who can’t drink milk, stepped onto his father’s wine table step by step. Only when the daughter drinks beer when she is rebellious, the father will beat her; My daughter was drinking red wine at the dinner table, but my father praised her. This so-called "right and wrong" conflict actually runs through the whole film.

　

11 roller skating becomes knife ice

Li Wan learns roller skating with her cousin and boyfriend, and falling down constantly is a metaphor for the unevenness of everyone’s growth path. After the puppy was lost, the stepmother sent skates as a gift to comfort Li. The upgrade of roller skating into knife ice indicates how sharp the next family dispute will be.

　Li Wan received a gift.

12 closed toilet

　The bathroom, an ordinary family element, appears many times in the film, and the family seems to like to keep the dog in the bathroom. On the night when the dog was lost, Li found that he couldn’t find it. His first reaction was to question his family: "You mistreated animals and kept Einstein in the bathroom." The second Einstein appeared for the first time, also biting paper in the bathroom. Including the confrontation between father and dog, brother and dog in the bathroom. Its metaphor is nothing more than: the bathroom is a relatively closed space, which is used to isolate this family. So when Li Wan was beaten by his father, he rushed into the bathroom at the first time and isolated himself. I believe that her situation at this time is just like a puppy that was locked up at the beginning.

　

13 brother’s three-character sutra

　Li Wan knew about his brother’s existence, and his brother and sister gradually accepted each other. However, the father never kept his promise to his daughter. On the wine table, Li played fidgeting for the exhibition. It was not until his father and stepmother began to recite the Three Character Classics in order to show their younger brother’s early education achievements. When it comes to "it’s my father’s fault to raise and not teach", Li plays a dash for the door. When the film viewing group is showing, the audience will laugh at every scene. In fact, behind this laughter, it is also expressing a helplessness to traditional Chinese family education.

　

14 "Bird Man" is a greasy uncle.

Li, the heroine who likes to sit in front of the window fence like a bird cage, can always hear the sound of birds chirping upstairs. And when she finally found out that it was just a weird psychopath, many viewers made a puzzled voice: "Is this a suspense science fiction film?" "What is the middle-aged greasy man pretending to be a bird at midnight for?" This scene seems to be detached from the film. In fact, when Li Wan found that the happy "bird" was just a mental patient being sent to an ambulance, she realized that the beauty and freedom of this world might only exist in the imaginary world of a madman.

　

Bat shooting in the classroom

The teachers and students in the classroom are noisy and fighting for bats, which also makes many viewers wonder. In director Cao Baoping’s view, this scene is another important mark of Li’s growing up: "All the children are fun, and all the bats should be shot down, even the teacher, and they will be thrown away with a straight face. This reflects Li’s disconnection from the group, and everyone is unaware of their indifference to life. So in the next scene, Li Wan took the abandoned dog back. " And some netizens even gave a new interpretation: "Youth is like a bat breaking into the classroom, nervous and flustered, unable to find a way out." However, after the BANG, what about your youth?

　Li Wan is at school.

16 Li wan chi dog meat

This scene naturally makes many dog lovers think it is the "most cruel" scene in the whole film. Too many viewers questioned: "Why do you want to eat it? ！” In fact, this play has two meanings: first, adults always give their children what they think is good, but they never know what their children are thinking. Once rejected, the first reaction is to judge that "the child is not sensible." Second, from toasting to eating dog meat, Li Wan has gradually given up his true self in the so-called maturity and understanding. When her family saw that dog meat had changed her face, she was able to cope with it calmly. What else could she not accept in the future? What else can’t she do? And this kind of compromise is the most thoughtful and fearful thing in the whole film.

　

17 "Looking Back" Looking Back?

　

Near the end of the film, the father and daughter listened to the song and covered their eyes in the car and once again "reconciled". With the music of "Looking Back", many viewers directly burst into tears. Then the daughter said, "Dad, do you want to order a song" It’s not a crime for a man to cry? " It also makes the audience smile, which is considered as "the most romantic and warm scene in the whole film". However, about this scene, some film critics also gave an alternative interpretation: "The father is covering his daughter’s face, not not to’ look back’, but not to look forward. No parallel universe, Einstein and other symbols are needed; What is needed is wine, milk and a window fence like a bird cage, which represents anesthesia and captivity. " In the parallel universe, the parents’ "Looking Back" actually looks back not on love, not family, but on their own experiences, and they put everything they experienced in another package and attached it to the next generation to repeat it.

　

18 A Brief History of Time for Dolls

　In the film, what Li Wan has been reading is a book called A Brief History of Time. However, this book was called "a book for dolls" by the "cultural man" on his father’s wine table. Is this book really for dolls? In fact, this popular science book about the mysteries of the universe is a little abstruse for many people, no matter what age they are reading. Some netizens saw this heartfelt comment behind the scenes, which is very telling: "The reason why I firmly believe that I shouldn’t have children, for no other reason, is only because I am really not sure that a life full of aura will not grow into an adult who thinks that A Brief History of Time is just for children and uses one lie to round another."

　

Li Wan and the dog don’t know each other.

At the end of the film, Li Wan and his cousin had a chance to recognize the real Einstein, but Li Wan said, "I’m really worried about it." And walk away silently. This scene also made many people question "Why not give a bright tail?" "Is it because you eat dog meat that you dare not recognize it?" In fact, this is exactly what Li plays in parallel with everything with deep emotional fetters. Mutual recognition means derailment and conflict with the surrounding environment. And she chose to be a silent and calm "adult", and finally lost the last trace of struggle. Some viewers think that the expression of the film is a bit melodramatic, questioning "Who didn’t all grow up like this?" On the other hand, some viewers gave a corresponding view: "Then I can only say that you have completed domestication and have never thought independently."

　

20 brother’s skates

At the end of the film, Li Wan’s two-year-old brother stepped on the ice early and fell down repeatedly. Facing this scene, my sister Li Wan changed from smiling slightly to thinking deeply. Everything is like reincarnation: Li, who likes skating, has no choice as a child. The younger brother who doesn’t like skating is forced to be "trained". This scene indicates that the baptism of youth of another generation seems to come earlier, and the blade of growth they have to face may be sharper.

　　Author: Zhou Aimin (researcher at Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theoretical System Research Center, Hunan Province, professor at Hunan Provincial Party School [Hunan Administration College])

　　Grassroots governance platform is an important carrier to promote the modernization of grassroots governance system and governance capacity. The Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress proposed to "improve the grass-roots governance platform supported by grid management, refined service and information". In the new era and new journey, to expand the depth and breadth of "Fengqiao Experience" and enhance the efficiency of social governance, it is urgent to continuously improve the grassroots governance platform and improve the urban and rural community governance system.

　　1. Improve grid management and maintain social stability.

　　Grid management is a management mode guided by public demand, supported by information technology and supported by the party’s grass-roots organization system, and is an important institutional carrier of grass-roots governance platform. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We should strengthen and innovate social governance at the grass-roots level and persist in and improve the new era ‘ Fengqiao experience ’ Strengthen the construction of urban and rural communities, strengthen grid management and services, improve the comprehensive mechanism for multiple prevention, mediation and resolution of social contradictions and disputes, effectively resolve contradictions at the grassroots level, and maintain social stability. "

　　Strengthen the leadership of party building and build a strong grid battle fortress. The party’s ruling foundation is at the grassroots level, the nerve endings of state governance are at the grassroots level, and the people’s perception of a better life is at the grassroots level. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, "We must adhere to the clear orientation of grasping the grassroots, continue to rectify the weak and lax grassroots party organizations, effectively realize the full coverage of the party organization and the party’s work, pay close attention to filling the shortcomings of grassroots party organizations in leading grassroots governance, and build grassroots party organizations in various fields into a strong fighting fortress for realizing party leadership." To improve grid management, we must strengthen the construction of grass-roots party organizations, promote the deep integration of grass-roots party organization construction and grass-roots governance, strengthen political guidance, organizational guidance and ability guidance, give full play to the key role of the party in taking the overall situation and coordinating all parties, and put the party’s overall leadership through all aspects of grass-roots governance; We will comprehensively build an organizational structure with vertical, horizontal, and online-offline high-efficiency linkage, establish a unified party building grid, bring all kinds of grass-roots party organizations and party member into the grid party organization management, ensure that every grid has a party organization, and every party member is in the grid, so that the people can deeply understand that our party is serving the people wholeheartedly and the party is always by the people’s side.

　　Strengthen institutional guarantee and standardize the orderly operation of grid. The obvious advantages of grid management in power sinking, resource integration, clear governance and precise service make it an innovative model of grassroots governance. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the key to strengthening and innovating social governance lies in institutional innovation". To improve grid management and the system of division of responsibilities, it is necessary to clarify the scope of power and responsibility of grass-roots grid governance, refine the responsibilities of grass-roots grid and grid workers, reasonably set the procedures, time limits, processes and responsibilities of event handling in grid operation, and define the responsibilities and positions of various management departments in grid management, so as to reduce the phenomenon of unclear responsibilities and overlapping functions and eliminate management gaps; Improve the supervision and evaluation system, adopt the whole process of supervision and feedback mechanism, supplemented by the supporting performance evaluation mechanism, bring the specific people and organizations in the grid and the implementation effect of various institutional arrangements into the evaluation system, comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of grid operation, and find out the problems and shortcomings that emerge in the process of grid operation in time; Improve the resource integration system, get rid of the problems of "one thing, one network", redundant construction and inefficient governance, strive to achieve "one grid to support the bottom, one platform to dispatch, one system to ensure", optimize resource allocation to the maximum extent, and unite governance forces.

　　Strengthen team building and form a grid geese effect. The core of improving grid management is "someone in the grid". General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that we should strengthen grass-roots party organizations and do a good job in laying the foundation at the grass-roots level. Therefore, it is necessary to select grass-roots "leading geese", strictly enforce political standards, select party member, who is politically strong, professional, knowledgeable in governance, courageous and courageous, as the secretary of the grid party organization, and make it clear that in principle, he will be a social worker from party member, a member of the community party organization and community neighborhood committees, so as to further enhance the political and organizational functions of the party organization; Explore the construction of a grid professional work team with "full-time grid workers as the mainstay, supplemented by part-time grid workers", establish a mentor mentoring mode for grass-roots grid administrators, set up a professional training studio for grid workers, form a systematic training system through all-round training of grid workers and holding a forum for outstanding grid workers in the community, improve the professional ability and comprehensive quality of grid workers, establish an incentive mechanism, strengthen responsibility, and strive to build a grid with excellent politics, skills and style.

　　2. Improve refined services and improve governance efficiency.

　　The refined service is characterized by science, rationality and accuracy. According to the principles of lean, accurate, meticulous and strict, through the refinement of social governance concepts, systems, means and technologies, it realizes the standardization, concretization and humanization of social governance and continuously meets people’s needs for a better life. Refinement is an important yardstick to measure the level of social governance, and it is also an important direction to further strengthen and promote social governance innovation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, "We should not only be good at using modern scientific and technological means to realize intelligence, but also improve the level of refinement through embroidery-like care, patience and ingenuity".

　　Establish the concept of refinement and strengthen the top-level design. In the face of increasingly complex new changes, the realistic demand for refined grass-roots governance is increasingly urgent. To improve refined services, it is necessary to use systematic thinking to classify and identify public affairs and service items in the social field, summarize the same category and species of affairs, implement a hierarchical and classified governance system, integrate public service resources at the grassroots level, optimize resource allocation to the maximum extent, and improve the efficiency of public service governance; Adhere to the problem orientation, unify the standards and tools for assessing the needs of grassroots public services, dynamically carry out basic data surveys, accurately grasp the basic information and personalized needs of grassroots people, and take responding to the people’s urgent problems as the goal of service supply; Establish a sense of norms, and gradually build work standards and institutional norms that can be quantitatively implemented from horizontal to vertical and from the starting point to the end point, make social governance small and fine, and provide institutional guarantee for refined services with a scientific and strict institutional system; To strengthen the construction of wisdom, it is necessary to improve the intelligent level of grassroots governance, establish a standardized, unified and interconnected grassroots service information platform in combination with the construction of smart cities and smart communities, and build a two-way supply and demand information docking.

　　Highlight refined orientation and meet diverse needs. At present, the interests of the masses are increasingly diverse, and grassroots governance should take improving people’s well-being as the starting point and the end result, and carefully understand the diverse needs of the masses with patience and embroidery. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to "improve the urban and rural community governance system and provide the people with quality services and fine management at home". To improve refined services, we must push the focus of governance down, the strength of resources sink, promote the extension of examination and approval authority and public services to the grassroots level, adhere to the principle of "going to the grassroots level" and form a working mechanism of "whistling in the streets and reporting to the departments", so as to make the community a platform for the organic integration and accurate docking of various convenience services, effectively meet the differentiated needs of community residents, and solve the most direct and realistic interests that the masses are most concerned about in time; Improve the sinking level of new infrastructure to the community, strengthen data guidance, understand what people think and expect through the collection, integration, comparison and analysis of relevant data, conduct dynamic demand monitoring, mine data information, and find out the governance needs behind it, so as to provide sufficient information for the basic grid, realize the whole process of grass-roots problem response, intelligent distribution, accurate dispatch and closed-loop supervision, empower accurate supply services, and promote grass-roots governance in an efficient and efficient way.

　　Adhere to refined management and promote collaborative governance. Grassroots affairs are becoming increasingly complex and diverse, which tests the timeliness, accuracy and flexibility of grassroots governance. To improve the refined service, we must build a rule system of multi-agent consultation, cooperative governance and collective efforts, and unite the joint efforts of multi-agents in grassroots governance. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "it is necessary to strengthen and innovate rural governance, establish and improve a modern rural social governance system with party committee leadership, government responsibility, social coordination, public participation and rule of law, and improve a rural governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue, so that rural society is full of vitality and harmonious order". Therefore, it is necessary to further clarify the orientation of government functions, sort out the boundaries of government functions through the power list and the responsibility list, and define the scope of government responsibilities by using the target responsibility system to realize the interactive coupling between the refinement of management and the improvement of government efficiency; Take the mass line well, fully mobilize all forces including mass organizations, social organizations, enterprises, intermediaries and the public to participate in social governance, coordinate social resources to support social governance, and improve the socialization, rule of law, intelligence and specialization of social governance; Effectively promote the combination of autonomy, the rule of law and the rule of virtue, help to form an interactive, harmonious and symbiotic social governance pattern, maximize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the people to participate, promote the development of grassroots social affairs in a refined, accurate and efficient direction, and comprehensively promote the overall modernization of grassroots governance.

　　3. Improve the information support, so that everyone can share the digital dividend.

　　The information technology represented by the Internet is changing with each passing day, which leads to new changes in social production, creates new space for human life and expands new areas of national governance. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We should fully implement the strategy of strengthening the country by network, widely apply digital technology to government management services, promote the digital and intelligent operation of the government, and provide strong support for the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity."

　　Build a grass-roots information platform and give play to the role of intelligent brain. Building an information platform serving global governance can provide scientific and technological support for the modernization of grassroots governance. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that "it is necessary to modernize the national governance system and governance capacity by informationization, coordinate the development of e-government, build an integrated online service platform, and promote the construction of new smart cities by classification". To improve information support, it is necessary to increase investment in basic infrastructure, including hardware equipment such as intelligent terminals and software facilities such as network communication, in order to build a digital base; He is good at deeply integrating emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing and big data with grassroots governance, creating an intelligent and modern new governance model based on data-driven human-computer collaboration, cross-border integration and sharing, and creating a "super brain" for all-factor grassroots governance, providing technical support and factor guarantee for grassroots global grid governance; Coordinate the construction of intelligent systems such as comprehensive social governance platform, extend the governance chain by using digital technology, integrate terminal management power, and combine the intelligent information governance platform of grassroots communities with social media such as WeChat group and WeChat WeChat official account widely used by residents, so as to integrate multi-level information and promote digital collaborative innovation among various social governance subjects.

　　Realize grassroots information sharing and play the role of big data. Realizing the circulation and sharing of information resources is the key to improve the efficiency of grassroots governance. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to "break through information barriers, build a national information resource sharing system, better use information technology to perceive social situation, smooth communication channels and assist scientific decision-making" and "realize scientific government decision-making, accurate social governance and efficient public services". To improve the information support, it is necessary to promote the construction of basic big data information base, comprehensively correlate street community data, promote the basic situation of each grid to be known on one screen, establish a full-cycle management system for data acquisition, transmission, analysis, storage and use, improve the data classification management system, and realize the on-demand, orderly and shared use of data; Straighten out the administrative chain at the grass-roots level, coordinate the pace of the blocks, handle the relationship between the horizontal and vertical blocks in terms of powers, responsibilities and interests, promote the cooperation of all blocks, disclose and share information in time, and then open up the nerve endings of digital services, break down the "information barrier" and break down the "data island"; Accurately dock ports, convert online digital information into offline governance signals, empower grid managers to handle it immediately, reduce hierarchical transmission, respond to governance needs in time, let people run less errands and run more data, and continuously improve the level of equalization, generalization and convenience of public services.

　　Standardize grass-roots information management and give full play to the role of the rule of law. The safe use of grassroots governance data is an important basis for improving information support. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that "we must adhere to the unity of promoting development and managing according to law, not only vigorously cultivate new technologies and applications such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things and next-generation communication networks, but also actively use laws, regulations and standards to guide the application of new technologies". To improve the information support, we should strengthen the authoritative position of law in resolving contradictions, consciously use the rule of law thinking and methods to deepen reform, promote development, resolve contradictions, safeguard social fairness and justice, and truly solve the legitimate interests of the masses; Establish and improve a standardized system for the collection, use, storage, review, opening and security management of big data, and increase supervision and management of problems such as nonstandard data management, data abuse and violation of personal privacy, so as to better standardize data processing activities, ensure data security and promote data development and utilization. At the same time, pay attention to the leading and normative role of the rule of law, promote the integration of culture and technology, cultivate and practice socialist core values through digital channels, carry forward China’s excellent traditional virtues, make the masses feel the "temperature" of digital governance, create a good social environment of "doing things according to law, finding ways to solve problems, and relying on the law to resolve contradictions", and promote the efficient supervision of information security.

1. The sound of the river is mighty

"The sound of the river is mighty, rising from the back of the house."

Many people who have read Fu’s translation of "John Christophe" can recite this sentence. For many years, I am just one of thousands of people who advance wave after wave. When I became a writer, it also became an important fulcrum in my own vocabulary, which was as necessary as a beam.

As a teenager, I read Fu’s translation of Balzac. In my youth, I read Fu’s translation of Philosophy of Art.. Slowly, I realized that this is all the grace left by Fu Lei.

Speaking of it, I am a lover of European novels. As soon as I read novels, I forget my writer training for most of my life and return to the true nature of novel readers immersed in stories. I always remember the details best, the story best, the author better, and the translator last. But once you remember it, you will never forget it.

Fu lei

When I knew Fu Lei, I knew that he was hanged from the beam of his balcony window. When the police broke into the house in the morning, due to through flow when the door was opened, the rope around his neck broke and the body fell straight on the cane chair next to him, sitting upright. And in a personal photo of him, he was sitting on that cane chair, smoking a cigar. That’s when he translated Philosophy of Art..

Fifty years after his death, in 2016, I took a chapter from Philosophy of Art and made a strong trip to Italy. According to the instructions in the book, I walked all the way to urbino’s palace. Fifty years later, he still guides my geographical direction.

"The sound of the river is mighty, rising from the back of the house." Only after I got to know Professor Jin Shenghua, president of the Hong Kong Translators Association, did I know that this sentence represents the supreme pursuit of Chinese translators. That is romain rolland’s brushwork, the spirit of Christophe’s story, and Fu Lei’s quaint and sonorous Chinese message that "every word can stand", which is the criterion of Fu Lei’s translation. For me, this sentence is the beginning of a novel.

I remember the way Professor Jin raised her oval face and recited this sentence gently. In her hands, she holds a book compiled by the Hong Kong Translators’ Association, "Memories of Fu Lei in the Sound of the River", which is unusually thick, especially in Hong Kong. She is going to give it to me, especially because I am from Shanghai.

That evening, we chatted in the Shanghai General Association in Central. There is a still picture of Xiao Fangfang in the corridor. Before she left Shanghai, her family also borrowed Song Qi’s house to live in, and she was a neighbor of Fu Lei’s Andingfang.

In 1966, Mr. and Mrs. Fu Lei died of anger and hardship. Thirty years later, Professor Jin established the Translator Award in Hong Kong, which was named Fu Lei Translation Award. As far as I know, this is the only translation award in the world to commemorate Fu Lei.

The sound of the river is so mighty that we may not hear what it growls, but it just shakes our hearts.

It’s unforgettable.

II. Fu’s Translation of Philosophy of Art

In May of 2016, I got an invitation to go to Italy for a strong trip.

The Italian brigade began in the sixteenth century. It spread among French writers, formed a wave among English poets, and reached its climax in the era when Goethe, Browning and Byron went there one after another. With the participation of young aristocrats, this cultural pilgrimage route became famous. Goethe in Germany, Dickens and Shakespeare in Britain, and Nikolai Gogol in Russia, the greatest minds in Europe, even got the most important inspiration in their life creation in Italy.

Goethe’s Faust was born after this trip, Nikolai Gogol’s Dead Soul was written during his sojourn, Shakespeare’s thirteen important plays used local stories, and Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities’ arched structure came from Italian architecture itself.

This Italian tour, which once resounded through the hearts of European intellectuals, declined in 1855 after the establishment of a travel agency in Thomas Cook, England, and stopped after the outbreak of the First World War. A hundred years later, I was able to regain my strong journey, follow the footsteps of writers in layers for 400 years, and then go to Tuscany, the cradle of the Renaissance.

My idea is to travel according to the route of European writers with Chinese translations. In my strong journey, there were not only the Italian Renaissance, but also writers who went to Italy in an endless stream and hoped to die in Italy. Not only did I look back and reread my own reading history, but also translators who translated those great works into Chinese. For a writer who grew up in China in the 20th century, traveling like this is a complete and vigorous tour.

Usually I only take a few books with me when I travel, but this time I took a whole box. They are all European classics that I read when I was young. The people who created them are all writers who have experienced a strong journey in Italy, and their translations are all left after a long struggle.

On the way from arezzo to the Rupi Castle, I slowly reread the chapter of Italian painting in the Renaissance in the Philosophy of Art. Dana advocated the Italian Renaissance, which originated from Tuscany’s magnificent landscapes and unique light and shadow. Geography is the reason for bringing up Renaissance masters. Outside the house where Michelangelo was born in May, reading Philosophy of Art in the golden and sweet light like honey had to obey Dana.

I live in the monastery of Varna. The monastery closes the gate at 8: 35, and there is no internet, so there is a long silent reading night until six o’clock in the morning, when the bell rings early.

Single bed, narrow desk The monastery was built on a high cliff, and when you look around, it is the sweetest hill in Italy. In May, there are patches of white lilacs in the Woods. Michelangelo was born on another hill not far away. Further on, it is the birthplace of Leonardo da Vinci, then Giotto’s birthplace, Peterak’s birthplace, and then the place where Boccaccio died. The hometown of Renaissance giants is so dreamily surrounded by my monastery guest room.

Fu Lei’s Translation of Philosophy of Art

One night, it suddenly occurred to me that Fu Lei, the translator of Philosophy of Art, had never been to the place where Dana wrote books in his life.

I remember when I left, the Italian consul said to me, you are so lucky, even for an Italian, this is a rare good luck.

At that time, I said, the world is beautiful, and Chen Danyan’s dream has come true.

However, as long as I think of Fu Lei in the silent night reading, a kind of pain that cannot be ignored emerges in my good luck.

The year I was born, his bad luck just began. It’s like stepping on a swamp and sinking slowly until it’s bottomless. In the year when I began to learn to read, he died. And I gradually became a professional writer according to my childhood ideal, and I was a travel literature writer, traveling to Europe again and again. Until a recent long trip, I was still benefiting from his work.

According to Dana’s geographical determinism, I am here to write the third part of the trilogy of geographical reading, about the reading of Italian strong travel and youth. On the surface, the foundation invited me to go. In fact, Dana and Fu Lei guided me to go. Without Philosophy of Art, there probably wouldn’t be such a grand tour.

Fu Lei has been floating like a dark cloud, and sometimes he is penetrated by bright sunshine, but not fade away has seen it.

Urbino Palace photo by Chen Danyan

3. Andingfang

In June 2016, I completed my first strong trip to Italy. After returning to Shanghai, put Philosophy of Art back on the shelf.

In August 2016, I went to Andingfang with my photographer in the hot afternoon, where Fu Lei and his wife committed suicide. I went for my trip to Tuscany. After seeing those brilliant light and shadow, I want to see his translation where the sky is as dark as a deep well. For me, this is a complete trip. In this way, I can really return from the Renaissance.

The afternoon in Andingfang is very quiet. I vaguely remember that August in my childhood. The street is full of loud cicadas’ cries and the green sunshine scattered on the road through the fat phoenix tree leaves, as well as the fire burning books on the street and the sonorous singing from the big electric loudspeaker in summer.

When I was a child, there were some officials’ families in the neighborhood. When the lights were brightly lit at night, they must be robbing the house. My father was the earliest participant in Yan ‘an Social Department, and my family was also copied. All the lights in the house are turned on and the doors and windows are wide open. All the books and records at home were burned, and all the furniture rented by the government at home was taken back overnight. Our whole family slept on the floor.

I remember, that summer, when I woke up, I could see the marks left by the sofa on the floor. The floor under the sofa was deeper than the bare floor, perhaps because the wax tray didn’t spread the wax. Children are not sensible, and suddenly the whole family sleeps together. When they wake up at night, they can see their father’s cigarettes in the dark. They still feel fresh in their hearts, but they can’t see their parents’ faces being trampled.

That year, my husband was still a child, and in the last year he was the captain of the Young Pioneers in Jiangwu Primary School. From his back alley to Jiangsu Road, there is Andingfang. He remembered that from Hongye Garden, where his family lived, to Andingfang, almost every small house was in the process of property acquisition. There were three families living in his house, a small capitalist, an obstetrician who graduated from Huangpu Military Academy, and his family. His father was a middle school principal from the Shanghai underground party, and all three of them were copied.

There are many cultural families in Shanghai around Qishan Village, about 500. The policeman in charge of public security in that area said that there were always more than 200 families whose homes were stolen that summer.

Every day, people are shown and insulted in their own alleys. That summer, my husband’s father was shown to the public, and so was my own father. My husband and I were hiding in our own homes and couldn’t bear to watch it. I can’t bear to see my father who came home after being humiliated. I remember it was a strange feeling of filth.

Fifty years ago, at the end of August, my later university teacher Shi Zhecun strolled silently from Qishan Village to Andingfang in the afterheat of dusk. He came to see his old friend Fu Lei. I saw that the exterior wall of his house was covered with posters, and it was already covered with scars. In the heat, the doors and windows were closed and silent.

Fifty years later, the black iron gate of Fu Lei’s former residence was closed and still silent. Looking through the crack of the door, we can see that the narrow window near Fu Lei’s study was closed, and the window on the left hand side of his writing desk was also closed. Fu Min once painted a floor plan of Ye Yonglie’s home. In the 1960s, Fu Lei translated Philosophy of Art and Disillusionment in despair of publishing and healthy collapse. The desk where these two works have been translated is placed between the two windows. That table is far away from the balcony door, where the couple hanged themselves.

The steel window behind him is where Fu Lei and his wife committed suicide.

Through the small lattice steel window, it is his garden. When they put their heads into the rope, they can see the summer yard. Fifty different kinds of roses cultivated by their couple have been destroyed by the Red Guards of the Conservatory of Music.

It was a messy yard with petals scattered all over the place. When I saw this yard, there was only one plain lawn and fifty kinds of roses were gone.

In 1966, it seemed that many people in Shanghai who had gardens liked to grow their own roses. I remember when I was a child, I saw a garden full of flowers on the road. I looked through the sparse diamond-shaped bamboo fence, and the old man who was busy planting flowers in it wore a white shirt and smiled.

My mother told me to call someone.

"Old uncle."

I remember the old uncle in the garden who cut me a thin and fragrant red flower.

My family has a sapphire lacquer vase, and my mother keeps that flower in it. I am proud, because that flower is for me.

In the photos left by Fu Lei’s family, I vaguely saw those roses alive. And the faces of Mr. and Mrs. Fu Lei, which are as quiet as moles.

There was sunshine when we walked into the alley that day, and in a blink of an eye, the sunshine became yellow and vague.

4. The rumors of Andingfang

My photographer is familiar with this alley. More than ten years ago, her Guangdong friend Mr. Chen bought the ground floor of another garden house in Andingfang. She always suspected that the Fulei family lived in this house instead of No.5.. Because something strange happened there.

In the rainy evening or evening, her friends, more than one person, claimed to have seen an old man, sometimes an old couple, sitting in a chair in front of the floor-to-ceiling steel window of the sitting room on the ground floor. As soon as the light is turned on, they are gone.

Finally, even the drivers hired from Wuxi saw it.

Her friends are talking privately, and this is where the Fu Lei couple committed suicide. Their ghosts are still there.

"Have you seen it?" I asked her. She said, this is not. It seems a little regrettable.

But all the friends I met turned pale. Southern businessmen have always believed in different levels of space and causal reincarnation. After Mr. Chen moved here, everything was unfavorable for business and private affairs. Even the temperament has changed. Later, I simply disappeared into the sea of people and lost contact twice.

Under the lintel on the 5th, Changning District Government nailed a coffee sign and wrote an introduction of Fu Lei’s former residence in Chinese and English. I think this is good.

"Strange." My photographer muttered something. She was born with a stutter, and I believe her, because it is not easy for such a person to say the whole sentence, so he is unwilling to bother himself and make up stories so hard.

"Do they look like Mr. and Mrs. Fu Lei?" I asked.

"Little Wuxi where seen their photos. He doesn’t read books. " My photographer said, "The people they met all said that the couple were thin and sitting on rattan chairs." As she spoke, she made a gesture of putting her hands on her stomach. It’s really like people’s sitting posture in the past, with a quaint gentleness and decency. Mei Fu is such a posture in the photo, and Yang Jiang is also such a posture in the photo.

"Hey." She shook her head.

My photographer looked around and only said that he had become unfamiliar.

Can anyone here recite "the sound of the river rises from the back of the house" There are people here who have seen the ghosts of an old couple emerge in the gloomy sky, and they are reluctant to go. Fifty years later, does anyone here remember the faces of Mr. and Mrs. Fu Lei? Their friends have all passed away, including Qian Zhongshu, Zhou Xuliang, Ke Ling and Shi Zhecun. The last one is Yang Jiang, who died in June this year and lived over 100 years old. They all became legends gradually.

Fu lei and his wife

V. "Song Family Living Room"

We walked slowly along the courtyard wall of No.5, just to have a look at the place where Fu Lei translated Philosophy of Art.

In the yard of No.3 next door, I climbed to the wooden outer packaging shelf under the courtyard wall with a crooked neck tree. Standing on a rickety but just-high wooden bar, I saw the yard. It was the screw shell that Fu Lei and his wife managed to survive in the stormy sixties. I heard that they are here to entertain friends and enjoy roses. At that time, Mei Fu was still the beautiful salon lady described by Yang Jiang. Until the wind against intellectuals in the society became tighter and tighter, their friends stopped walking. Their garden also responded to the sad old China saying: When disaster strikes, they fly separately.

In "Philosophy of Art", Fu Lei translated the conversation in the Italian urbino Palace like this: "Gentlemen are familiar with Greek literature, history, philosophy, and even know the philosophy of various schools. This is why women come out to intervene and ask for more talk about secular things with a little complaining tone; They don’t like to hear people mention Aristotle, Plato and the pedants who explain them. So the men immediately returned to the relaxed and happy theme and said some beautiful words to remedy the learned and mysterious discussion just now. And no matter how difficult the subject matter is and how heated the debate is, the conversation always maintains an elegant and beautiful style. They pay most attention to the appropriateness of wording and the purity of language. "

These are some joyful sentences. I wonder if Fu Lei was very yearning for them when he copied them alone.

I think of Fu Lei’s face with round glasses, unwilling lips and sad smiling cheeks in the last few photos. Does anyone believe that this is a thin face due to malnutrition? In Mei Fu’s letter to Fu Cong, we can feel the hardship of the Fu family who lost their financial resources. She asked her son for a piece of butter.

That’s the face of the person who shaped my spiritual home. I like its fragility and rigidity, and I am amazed at its malnutrition. This person who was worried about food and clothing because he refused to change his name and publish his translation, a unique person who broke away from any system in the 1960 s and finally gave his life for freedom, translated for me the endless and cheerful conversation in the most elegant palace in Italy in the 16th century, and imitated the beautiful ending of Italian in the translation. I guess it’s hard for Fu Cong to understand the difficulties his parents encountered in food and clothing.

This is indeed the same person.

What kind of world this is.

On August 30, 1966, their friends came to visit. Mei Fu came to answer the door, but just looked at it silently at the door and closed the door.

6. urbino Palace in Andingfang

Leave the Garden No.3, where the Fu Lei family once lived at first. Along the fence, I found an open space with no entrance and exit. There are several large vents in the subway station on the open space. The legendary black bamboo fence of Fu Lei’s house has been replaced by a thin brick wall. There is a barracks-style building opposite the clearing. In those days, Ye Yonglie was not allowed to enter his garden, so he climbed to the stairwell of the house and barely took photos.

Now the trees in the garden have grown a lot taller, and the garden is densely covered.

I stood on the well edge of the subway vent, which was relatively high. But I still can’t see the front of Fu Lei’s balcony clearly. Leaves are too dense, leaves and shrubs are dense, tall and lush, as if full of strange and exuberant vitality. Vaguely, I saw a corner of Fu Lei’s study completely shrouded in dark and sad light. Dimly, it seems that the couple looked at me from there, emerged from the deep well into the white light of the water waves, and it was an old couple who put their hands on their chests.

Alone.

What comes to my mind are Fu Min’s father’s study and the manuscript of Philosophy of Art described by Lang Hao in lower case.

"The magnificent Juefu was built by Guido’s father, and’ according to many people’ is the most beautiful one in Italy.

Urbino Palace is the most elegant one in Italy. It often holds celebrations, dances, contests, competitions and chats. Castiglione said,’ meaningful conversation and noble entertainment make this house a place of real pleasure.’

They opened the window facing the peak of Cathary, but they saw a rosy glow in the east, and the dawn was beginning to open. All the stars have disappeared, only Venus, the gentle messenger, still stays on the boundary between day and night. It’s as if a breath of fresh air is blowing from her, and it’s freezing cold.

One of the people who took part in the conversation, Benbo, is the purest and most authentic Cicero school in Italy and the most syllable-oriented essayist. The rest of the conversation, the tone is similar.

All kinds of manners, mutual respect and extreme diligence: this is the most important way to live and the most lovely place in the upper class. But politeness does not exclude interest. "

In the heavy shadows in front of me, I think of the old palace of urbino Art Museum. The bright sunshine in central Italy in summer is the light of young Raphael painting the Virgin of Youth. Dana, who read Fu’s translation in the antique window of urbino Palace, seems to be top-heavy like a dream.

In urbino Palace, I sat down and read in front of the Renaissance cast iron glass window, just like the women painted by Raphael and vasari. I sometimes look at the sunny square under the window and the blue mountains in the distance, and most of the time I am reading the anecdote of urbino Palace recorded in the Philosophy of Art-an out-and-out geographical reading.

But Fu Lei didn’t even wait for the publication of Philosophy of Art..

For me who doesn’t know French, without Fu Lei, there would be no Dana, and without my spiritual vitamins, there would be no writer like me who can travel in Italy today.

For me, Fu’s translation is not only the transmission of Dana’s thoughts, but also a beautiful and quaint Chinese model. Of course, Dana is good, but it is the sonorous and enthusiastic translation of Chinese style by Fu that makes it a good material to create my spiritual home. For my generation of China writers, our spiritual vitamins are not only Tang poetry, Song poetry and Yuan Qu, but also novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is also a beautiful and subtle tradition of European romantic poetry, realistic novels and prose. Fu’s translation is a part of the essence of the beautiful and vast China culture. It has the beauty of the world’s great harmony. Since I was a teenager, with its French spirit and China’s quintessential culture, it has attracted a child who has read banned books since childhood and refuses to be fooled. Before I became a writer, it was a beam in my vocabulary.

Reading Fu Yi’s translation in Italy, I would like to take my body sitting in front of the urbino Palace as his, not my own. I wish my hands touching the palace were his, not mine. Just like when I go to a beautiful place, I always think of my father who loves to travel. I regret that he will never see the beauty of the world again. At that moment, I had this regret for Fu Lei from afar. Without his Philosophy of Art, I wouldn’t have such empirical knowledge about Tuscany.

Translator is also my father in literature.

Fu Lei’s suicide note

At this time, I felt a soft foot, the slate I was standing on suddenly cracked and my body began to shake. At that time, I could hardly move my brain, but slowly and quietly realized that if I fell back, I would fall on my back on the vent, and there was a five-story vent below. I didn’t want to fall, so I jumped forward. I saw the old fallen leaves in the corner suddenly become very close, and my body stumbled in the fallen leaves and stood still.

Standing there, I saw the new wall of Fu Lei’s yard. Someone sprayed a word on the wall with a black jar: SCHOOL. This word emerges from other chaotic patterns and portraits. I still haven’t seen the study described by Yang Jiang and translated by Fu Min.

Photo by Ding Xiaowen outside Fu Lei’s former residence

I couldn’t see clearly, only to find that my glasses were gone.

My photographer and I are looking for glasses in the fallen leaves. She showed me the photo she just took, and I saw myself standing on the edge of the well and hanging my head to the yard, as if mourning.

"It seems that we are attending a funeral." My photographer suddenly said this. She looked around and a strange smile appeared on her face. The atmosphere here has really become strange.

My head is dizzy.

I don’t want my glasses, I just want to go away.

She was still looking at the tall building in the distance, dragging her stutterer’s usual long voice and saying, you know, when building that building, the big crane on the roof came loose and killed a person.

Suddenly, we both saw at the same time that my glasses were placed squarely on the rocks in the grass, just like the way they were placed on the table. There was nothing on the stone just now.

I know in my heart that they got my glasses back, Fu Lei and Mei Fu. It’s been fifty years, and they haven’t gone away.

The photographer won’t let me take my glasses. I comforted her and said, "They like us, so they didn’t let me fall to death and helped me find my glasses. They are good to us. " Then I picked up my glasses and I will cherish them from now on.

We went back to the iron gate of No.5, and the iron gate opened a crack. Their ghosts really didn’t disperse.

The door from which their barefoot bodies were carried out is still open.

Seeing the narrow window behind the house, Philosophy of Art was translated in the skylight in the window. The last night, the Fu Lei couple and their nanny also spent the last night in the window here. Then, in the middle of the night, they spread a quilt on the ground and hanged themselves.

A few years ago, Fu Lei had no contribution income, only the advance contribution fee, and the advance contribution fee had stopped after the Cultural Revolution began. They will soon face economic difficulties. After the property raid, their clothes were sealed. In the heat of August, they, a decent couple, didn’t even have a change of underwear. The Red Guards won’t let them go, like their old friend Shi Zhecun. So, they want to escape to death anyway.

September 1st is the day when I entered primary school as a freshman. I remember that on the fiery playground, the teacher stood on the platform of the instructor and said, "Students, the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution has begun."

The first-grade children listened in ignorance and thought to themselves: Oh.

When I was seven years old, I didn’t know that on the second day of school, Fu Lei died.

When I was in Italy in June, I planned to go back to Shanghai and visit Fu Lei’s former residence later. That’s for my trip to Italy to find the roots in books. I didn’t know then that I would meet their ghosts here in August.

Fu Lei’s former residence is provided by Ye Yonglie.

The outer wall of Fu Lei’s former residence. Photo by Ding Xiaowen

When I left Andingfang, my photographer suddenly asked, Who are the other old couples?

I think it’s another old couple They are not as famous as Mr. and Mrs. Fu Lei, so now we don’t know who they are and why they both committed suicide. However, their ghosts have not dispersed.

Compared with Fu Lei and his wife, this unknown old couple is more sad, as vast and muddy as the Great River East.

What a world it was fifty years ago in the summer.

VII. Conclusion

On August 31st, 2016, 50 years ago, the Fu family finally ushered in a crazy property-buying day, and I finally entered the former residence of Fu Lei with the help of the doctor’s son. Although autumn is bright outside, the room is gloomy. I saw that within the two steel windows behind the house, the place where Fu Lei translated Philosophy of Art has now been transformed into a dining room. On the round table, covered with a layer of shallow floating glass, like a silent puddle in the forest, it reflects the treetops outside the window and the high blue sky on the treetops.

Interior of Fulei’s former residence

Of course, the complete dictionary corner has disappeared. The doctor’s son leisurely remembered that the Fu family guest he had seen in those years was buried in Fu Lei’s dictionary, and that person turned out to be Shi Zhecun.

I stood between two windows, and he translated the Philosophy of Art in the skylight in the window. Now I stand and read the words that have become type, which can be said to be Fu Lei’s last effort. At the end of this chapter, I wrote about vasari, an architect, who was the first person to write art history in the world. The last time I read vasari, it was in the hanging garden of vasari’s former residence in arezzo. On the ancient streets, the sunset in June is generally gilded on the path of vasari Garden and the bodhi tree with budding flowers, and the sweet smell is gently shrouded in the shade above my head.

"We have noticed that two conditions must be met in order to produce great works: first, spontaneous and unique emotions must be very strong and can be expressed without scruple, without fear of criticism or guidance; Second, there should be sympathy around you, and similar ideas should always help you in the outside world, so that some vague ideas in your heart can be nourished, encouraged, hatched, matured and propagated. "

This is Renaissance Italy and China.

The doctor’s son looked around me, which was a decent family in his childhood. Because of this, he, a student of biology, began to read Balzac and Roman Roland. As his family is next door to the pianist Gu Shengying’s, he also likes the piano. He walked around the room, gesturing to the position of the dictionary in the study and the position of the twenty-four histories, and walked to the window beside me. Suddenly, he learned the way Fu Lei greeted him and said in a rough voice, "Are the children coming?"

This is the first time I have heard someone speak like Fu Lei.

It was noon when I left Fu Lei’s house this time. On the Jiangsu Road, the trees were swaying, and the opposite of Fu Lei’s house was still the No.3 Girls’ Middle School in the city. Not far away, there were Jiangwu Primary School and Yuyuan Road Primary School, and school would start tomorrow. On the way, I saw a child with a new schoolbag, shining beside his father. Is this my shadow? School will start tomorrow. Will the young Chinese teacher tell the children that a master named Fu Lei once lived in this alley?

Compared with trivial dynamics, it has been forwarded mindlessly. Recently, the dynamics of Chairman Liang Linhe on a short video social platform have been left out in the corner of the Internet-318× 4 will be listed soon, and its name is quite young. Of course, it is understandable that the attention is not high. After all, Sany Heavy Truck is a rookie in the industry, and its popularity and market influence are not as good as those of domestic first-and second-tier mainstream brands.

The launch of a new car is a routine operation for any car company. However, there is an important detail that is unusual: according to reliable sources, the Sany truck is not equipped, but!

To be fair, the domestic technical level and manufacturing level are not the same as those in Amon, Wuxia. Most brands of engines are at a high level in quality and reliability, and both of them have their own advantages. It cannot be said that which one has absolute advantages.

However, the mainstream ideology of the domestic heavy truck industry is that if a vehicle enterprise can’t develop its own engines, it is the first choice to equip Weichai engines with the highest acceptance.

After all, Weichai engine has become a word-of-mouth harvester since it entered the market for many years, such as Xugong, Universiade and Beiben, and its subsidiaries are also famous for their Weichai engines. Even the heavy trucks that eat "a hundred meals" dare not deny the important existence of Weichai engine.

Many people don’t understand, if the news is true, why did Sany make such a choice? When we study it carefully, we will suddenly realize that it is all about money!

Although Sany reprimanded Fang Qiu in the field of construction machinery, Sany Heavy Truck is a recruit in the industry, which urgently needs to open the market. At the same time, for an enterprise, the profit level and financial health are very important, and Sany is trying to squeeze profit space in parts procurement and vehicle manufacturing!

According to many people, although "high-priced and low-priced", bicycle profits are very competitive in the industry. Friends who know cars will naturally think of "trying their best" in parts procurement, and engines are an important part of procurement. When it comes to trucks, the pursuit of profit naturally continues the consistent operating principle.

Then an interesting question comes: why not choose Weichai engine and embrace it to maximize profits? The reasons are nothing more than the following:

First of all,Tan Xuguang and the Weichai it manages are tough and strong, which is well known to women and children in the industry. Weichai sells engines with the ultimate goal of "profit", and Weichai is a listed company. "Being responsible to shareholders" means maintaining the company’s extremely high profitability, and a shiny financial statement is conducive to the stock’s rise.

Compared with large families such as Qingdao Liberation, Sany Truck is really difficult to be a guest of Weichai. When it comes to the purchase price of engines, Sany Truck naturally lacks confidence.

Although the hydraulic power system with Weichai in "Linde Hydraulic+Weichai Engine" is a strategic partner, Weichai will not shake the sales bottom line, and the price is convenient, so it will naturally not "give the green light".

In this respect, Shaanxi Automobile is afraid to have a say. Earlier, it was rumored that although Tan Xuguang was the chairman of Shaanxi Heavy Duty Truck, the engines sold by Weichai to Shaanxi Heavy Duty Truck were higher than those sold to other brands!

Now, Sinotruk has been recruited by Tan Xuguang. Earlier, some media revealed that Tan Xuguang had publicly stated that in the future development plan, "be the first, and Shaanxi Heavy Duty Truck be the second!" （→→Click here to view the original speech.←)Of course, these are just Jianghu legends, and we certainly don’t know the specific supply price.

Secondly,Doing low price and pursuing profit is both intentional and helpless for Sany Heavy Truck. Looking at the market, in the 8×4 truck market, mainstream brands such as Jiefang, Sinotruk and Ou Man have given users enough choices, except for the price, it can be said that there is no bright spot to attract users.

Not surprisingly, Sany truck will also adopt the strategy of "high allocation and low price" to provoke the nerves of the market. The price will go down and the profit margin will be maintained. Controlling the manufacturing cost is almost the only way out. At this time, Weichai engine is not the best choice!

Thirdly, choosing Fukang engine is a happy thing for Futian and Sany trucks. After Fukuda bought Baowo, he entered the business curse. The more he worked, the more he lost. The stock also bottomed out one after another, and the mountains were green.

In the end,When the underpants are almost on, I realize that commercial vehicles and passenger cars are not the same thing at all. The glory of Ou Man and now is not reproducible! After being handled in 2018, restoring profitability has become a top priority for Futian.

Fukuda naturally knows that the probability of "31" cannot sign a big order in a short period of time, but a small fly is also meat. Come here, the price is negotiable, sell it without losing money!

Seeing this, JAC smiled and hid his fame and achievements! As the old saying goes, crying children have milk to eat. As long as you want to buy a Jianghuai Geer truck, you can choose the domestic engine, otherwise he will lose!

After the procurement of various parts was properly arranged, Liang Linhe, the chairman of Sany Heavy Truck, took the lead in pre-heating the release of new cars on the video social platform. If the market performance is as expected, the profitability will be greatly guaranteed. Of course, this is what Fukuda hopes to see.

Full competition among enterprises is conducive to the development of the industry, and monopoly can only make the industry go backwards. The entry of Sany truck will undoubtedly provide more choices for users and the market. The joining of the new army will inevitably prompt the old car companies to pay more attention to the industry and examine their own development. At the same time, I also hope that users who are optimistic about the Sany truck ready to start can live up to expectations! (Text/Truck House Contributor: Flower is not a flower)

1905 movie network news　Directed by，、、、、、Waiting for someone to play.Comedy love movieThe poster of the role declaration was released, and the masters appeared together. The nonsense style made people wonder what kind of stories several people had staged. The role declaration is hilarious and grounded, which not only skillfully interprets the character’s personality.It also injected suspense, giving the audience a strong sense of substitution.And curiosity.

　

The declaration of migrant workers’ domineering detonated the New Year.

In the newly released poster of the "Declaration of Breaking News" version, empathy master Gao Xiaopan, sexy goddess Wang Zhi and Clara appeared one after another. Gao Xiaopan, the strongest migrant worker, faced with the bankruptcy crisis of the debtor company in the movie, and his expression of making money was stubborn. The goddess Wang Zhi plays a Korean female idol who wants to marry a plastic surgeon in the film, which is the biggest obstacle on Gao Xiaopan’s way to make money; Clara’s role is mysterious, but it tells the living status of entertainment idols; Empathy husband and wife files Yu Shasha and Yune Yi are still firmly on the broad road of beating wild mandarin ducks; Jackie Lui, the winner of life, issued a defiant declaration to Gao Xiaopan. The declaration of the six leading actors’ funny grounding gas makes people more curious about this story about persuasion.

　

It is reported that the film Empathic Master will land in the national cinema on January 29th. In the movie, the Empathy Trio met an opponent who was stronger than before. In the battle of wits and wits with the opponent, the whole story also rose from simple emotional persuasion to the discussion of love. What kept you from taking the first step of affection? Empathic Master may give you the answer. It is foreseeable that such a "hilarious film" with both blood and warmth will detonate the New Year.

　

The strongest hilarious and lucky film must be seen when it is off the list.

As the first off-the-record movie in 2021, Empathic Master attracted people’s attention long before the movie was finalized. Gao Xiaopan’s face value is funny, and his comedy talent is first-class; Wang Zhi, Clara, put down the image of the goddess, and fight with others for joy and laughter. Yu Shasha and Yune Yi’s funny husband and wife are all funny, which makes people laugh.

　

Empathic Master played the cards of love and comedy with new ideas, fresh and free from vulgarity. Gao Xiaopan and Wang Zhi broke the dimensional wall and interacted with each other in various details, with unexpected love, full of hilarity and emotion, which really made the audience feel the "sweet crit". This kind of love comedy is very suitable for couples and young people to watch. single dog must take off the list after reading it! I believe this film will definitely make the audience laugh and blossom, and also make the audience look forward to this film more.

　　[Building Miles with Integrity]

　　Recently, the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of Social Credit System and Building a New Credit-based Supervision Mechanism (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions) was officially released. On July 18th, at the briefing on the State Council policy held by the State Council Office, Lian Weiliang, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, and responsible persons of relevant departments and localities interpreted the Opinions.

　　Improve the efficiency of supervision: let the supervision force "use good steel on the cutting edge"

　　"The new supervision mechanism based on credit is a supervision mechanism that runs through the whole life cycle before, during and after the event; It is the supervision mechanism of classification; It is a regulatory mechanism that greatly increases the cost of dishonesty; It is a regulatory mechanism for full information sharing and full disclosure according to laws and regulations; Is fully reflected in ‘ Internet plus & rsquo; Big data supervision mechanism characterized by; It is a supervision mechanism that pays more attention to the protection of the rights and interests of market entities; It is a regulatory mechanism that is ruled by law, standardized and standardized. " At the beginning of the briefing, Lian Weiliang summarized the key contents of the new credit-based supervision mechanism from seven aspects.

　　According to reports, the new credit-based supervision mechanism adopts differentiated supervision according to the credit status of market players, which is "nothing to disturb" for trustworthy people and "sword hanging high" for untrustworthy people, which improves the supervision efficiency and makes the supervision force "good steel used in the cutting edge".

　　"The Opinions have new ideas, practical measures and strong pertinence. It is a new top-level design for credit construction and a summary of successful practical experience at the grassroots level. Many new institutional regulations come from Shanghai and Zhejiang." Lian Weiliang revealed.

　　At the briefing, Ji Zhaoliang, member of the Standing Committee of Shanghai Pudong New Area District Committee and executive deputy head of the district, and Du Xuliang, head of Zhejiang Development and Reform Commission, introduced local experiences and practices.

　　Ji Zhaoliang introduced that Pudong New Area has explored the establishment of "six double" government comprehensive supervision "Pudong Sample" based on credit supervision. The core contents include the license connection of "double notification, double feedback and double tracking" and the collaborative supervision of "double random, double evaluation and double publicity", realizing the full coverage of 21 government supervision departments, 108 industries and more than 320,000 enterprises in the whole area. "Zhejiang fully implements credit ‘ 531X’ Engineering, ‘ 5’ Refers to the comprehensive evaluation of public credit for five types of subjects, such as enterprises, natural persons, social organizations, institutions and government agencies. ‘ 3’ Refers to the public credit index system, comprehensive supervision responsibility system, evaluation and reward and punishment system. ‘ 1’ It is a province-wide integrated public credit information platform, ‘ X’ It refers to the application in administrative examination and approval, administrative supervision, public services and other fields. " Du Xuliang said.

　　The cost of dishonesty has risen sharply: serious dishonesty will be expelled from the market.

　　If you break your promise, you will pay the price. In recent years, China has further promoted collaborative supervision and joint punishment, and strengthened the management of the list of abnormal operations and the list of serious illegal and untrustworthy enterprises. Yan Dengfu, head of the Credit Supervision Department of the General Administration of Market Supervision, said that as of the end of June this year, there were 5,189,700 market entities in the national business exception list, and there were 541,700 serious illegal and untrustworthy enterprises. The information of untrustworthy enterprises was pushed to relevant departments to promote the formation of a situation of "one place is untrustworthy and limited everywhere".

　　Although some achievements have been made, Lian Weiliang pointed out that the low cost and low spread of dishonesty are the important reasons for the high incidence, frequent occurrence and recurrence of dishonesty. In this regard, the "Opinions" require the establishment of a list of joint disciplinary measures in accordance with the law, dynamically updated and open to the public, forming a multi-pronged pattern of administrative, market-oriented and industrial disciplinary measures, and extensive participation of social forces.

　　"Including administrative disciplinary measures such as restricting stock issuance, bidding, applying for financial capital projects, and enjoying tax incentives in accordance with laws and regulations, restricting market disciplinary measures such as obtaining credit, flying, taking high-grade trains and seats, and industrial disciplinary measures such as informed criticism and public condemnation." Lian Weiliang emphasized that the Opinions require that food and medicine, ecological environment, engineering quality, safe production, old-age care, urban operation safety and other areas directly related to the safety of people’s lives and property should be the focus, and the untrustworthy subjects and their related responsible persons who have caused heavy losses should be prohibited from entering the market and industries within a certain period of time according to laws and regulations until they are expelled from the market forever. The responsible subject and responsible person of dishonesty should also pay the cost of being held accountable according to the law and regulations. In short, it is necessary to make supervision grow "teeth" and fundamentally solve the problem of repeated and ex situ appearance of dishonesty.

　　According to Wan Cunzhi, director of the Credit Bureau of the People’s Bank of China, the credit constraint is to guard against various types of debt default risks. "At present, there is a market-oriented credit information system and joint disciplinary measures by government departments. The next step is to gradually put ‘ Credit bankruptcy ’ The system introduces the field of credit supervision and provides strong legal support for joint punishment. " The theory of knowing everything.

　　"Three are better, two are lower": Let the trustworthy get benefits.

　　Just like the punishment for dishonesty, trustworthiness incentive is also a key measure for the construction of social credit system. In recent years, while the role of joint punishment for dishonesty has become more and more prominent, joint incentives for trustworthiness are also being accelerated and enriched.

　　Zhang Weihua, head of the Tax Service Department of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, said that in 2016, the State Administration of Taxation took the lead in signing a memorandum of cooperation with 16 departments to provide 41 incentive measures covering 18 fields for trustworthy taxpayers, especially the "Bank-Tax Interaction" jointly launched with China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, which effectively solved the problem of difficult and expensive financing for trustworthy SMEs.

　　"Customs divides import and export enterprises into advanced certification enterprises, general certification enterprises, general credit enterprises and untrustworthy enterprises according to the credit situation of enterprises, among which advanced certification enterprises and general certification enterprises are often referred to as China Customs ‘ AEO enterprise ’ 。” Zhang Xiuqing, head of the Enterprise Management Department of the General Administration of Customs, said, "In the first half of this year, the customs inspection rate for untrustworthy enterprises reached 98.12%, and the inspection rate for advanced certification enterprises was less than 0.5%. AEO enterprises can not only enjoy the convenience of customs clearance given by domestic customs, but also enjoy a number of facilitation measures such as giving priority to customs clearance procedures and reducing inspections given by mutually recognized countries (regions), which greatly reduces customs clearance time and trade costs. "

　　Lian Weiliang used "three better, two lower" to summarize the representative measures to encourage trustworthy people, namely, better administrative services, better financing services, better public services, lower regulatory costs and lower transaction costs. "In the next step, we will increase the practical exploration and establishment of rules and regulations for trustworthy incentives, so that more trustworthy people can truly feel that honesty is valuable, honest and beneficial." Lian Weiliang stressed.

　　 (Reporter chenchen)

　 　 1905 movie network news　The large-scale romantic film "Human Poisoning" released by NEW recently exposed a large-scale unedited trailer. The film is directed by Jin Dayu, the director of The Lesbian Scholar, who is also the screenwriter of The Love Story. Song Seung Heon, starring with the new actress Ji-yeon Im, is a movie that teenagers under 19 can’t watch. Song Seung Heon, the leading actor, is also the first time to participate in a 19-ban large-scale film, which has attracted much attention. There are also many passionate sex scenes staged by Song Seung Heon and Ji-yeon Im in the trailer of this exposure.

　 　 The film is based on the era of the Korean military government in the 1960s, and it is a secret and exciting love story between men and women in the army with strict hierarchy and hierarchy at the end of the Vietnam War in 1969. Song Seung Heon plays the hero who falls in love with his subordinate’s wife. He is Jin Zhenping, a senior colonel who has experienced the war and is famous for his bravery. Ji-yeon Im, a new actor, will play the wife of Song Seung Heon’s subordinates, but he falls in a dangerous love with Song Seung Heon. Jo Yeo-jeong plays Song Seung Heon’s wife, hiding her deep desires and dedicating herself wholeheartedly to her husband.

　 　 The trailer shows that the relationship between Song Seung Heon and Ji-yeon Im has gradually developed out of control since the first meeting. Although Song Seung Heon has a wife and Ji-yeon Im has a husband, when they first look at each other, there are ambiguous emotions circulating in the air. Eye contact in the crowd shows the excitement of cheating. After Song Seung Heon’s confession, Ji-yeon Im took the initiative to find her after struggling in her heart, and then the passion was out of control. Both of them could not control their feelings for each other, whether in a dark room or in a jeep, but the result was not clear, which made the audience very curious.

　 　 Bian Fengshan, a photography director who has participated in it, also revealed: "In order to express the stimulation of secret temptation, I have taken great pains. Especially when shooting passionate sex scenes, we hope that the actors will not be aware of the existence of cameras. At least at that moment, I hope that the actors can fully show their love and passion, and the camera can truthfully record their feelings and actions. " In addition, kim Ji Soo, an art director who participated in films such as A Happy Life, said that he made a lot of efforts to express the sense of the times in the 1960s. Jung Ae Kwak, a fashion director who has participated in Happiness, also said that the most important job this time is to show the beauty of Ji-yeon Im as much as possible.

　 　 Human Poisoning will be released in South Korea in May this year.

　　BEIJING, April 1 (Xinhua) According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, in the coming week, there will be dusty weather in the northern region, sand blowing or floating dust weather in the southern Xinjiang basin and Inner Mongolia, and local sandstorms. On the 2 nd, there will still be sand blowing or floating dust weather in the above areas, and there will be sandstorms in the eastern part of the southern Xinjiang basin. On April 1-2, there was a weak precipitation process from west to east in most parts of the south of the Yangtze River, including heavy rain in southern Guizhou and northwestern Guangxi.

　　Yesterday, moderate to heavy rain occurred in southwestern Shaanxi, northeastern Sichuan, central and western Guizhou, and northwestern Guangxi, and local heavy rain occurred in Hechi, Guangxi; The rainfall, snow or sleet in northern Xinjiang is 5 ~ 15mm, and the local area is 20 ~ 49mm.

　　This morning, fog with visibility less than 1 km appeared in Shandong Peninsula, northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui and western Chongqing, and local visibility was less than 200 meters.

　　Dusty weather in northern China

　　In the coming week, there will be dusty weather in northern China. On April 1, there will be dusty or dusty weather in southern Xinjiang basin, Inner Mongolia, western Gansu, northwestern Shanxi, western Northeast China and northern Hebei, and there will be sandstorms in some places. The Central Meteorological Observatory will continue to issue sandstorm weather forecasts at 06: 00 on April 1 (see Figure 1). On the 2 nd, there will still be sand blowing or floating dust weather in the above areas, and there will be sandstorms in the eastern part of the southern Xinjiang Basin.

　　In addition, during the day from 1 to 2, there were mild to moderate haze in the central and southern parts of North China, and the local haze was severe; From the night of the 2nd, due to the influence of cold air, the haze weather in the above areas will gradually weaken and dissipate, but there may be floating dust or sand blowing weather in some areas. From the morning of the 1st to the morning, there was heavy fog in northern Jiangsu and northeastern Anhui, and there was strong fog with visibility less than 200 meters in the local area.

　　Affected by cold air, from April 1 to 3, most areas in Xinjiang, Northwest China, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, North China and Huanghuai successively cooled down by 6 ~ 10℃, and the local temperature was above 12℃. There were 4 ~ 6 northerly winds in some areas above.

　　Rainy weather in southern China

　　From April 1 to 2, there was a weak precipitation process from west to east in most parts of the south of the Yangtze River, among which there was heavy rain in southern Guizhou and northwestern Guangxi. From 3 to 5 days, there will be an obvious precipitation process in the south of Huaihe River, with moderate to heavy rain in Jianghuai, Jianghan, central and northern Jiangnan and local heavy rain.

　　In addition, on April 1, there was rain and snow in northern Xinjiang, and there was heavy snow in the high-altitude areas along the Tianshan Mountains. The snowfall weakened on the 2 nd.

　　There will be foggy weather in the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea and East China Sea.

　　From the day of April 1st to the night of April 3rd, there will be fog with visibility less than 1km in the Bohai Sea, Bohai Strait, most of the Yellow Sea and the western part of the East China Sea. To this end, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue sea fog forecasts at 06: 00 on April 1.

　　Specific forecast for the next three days

　　From 08: 00 on April 1 to 08: 00 on April 2, there were small to medium snow in northern Xinjiang and southern Tibet, and moderate to heavy snow and local snowstorms along Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang. There are small to moderate rains in the eastern part of Southwest China, Yunnan, central and western Jiangnan, western Jianghuai, Jianghan and other places, and there is heavy rain in southern Guizhou. There are 4 ~ 7 winds in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, the eastern part of Northwest China, the western and northern parts of North China. Some areas in western Inner Mongolia, southern Xinjiang basin and northern North China have floating dust or sand blowing weather (see Figure 2).

　　From 08: 00 on April 2 to 08: 00 on April 3, there was light snow or sleet in parts of Xinjiang along the Tianshan Mountains and the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; There are small to moderate rains and heavy rains in parts of Ili Valley in Xinjiang, southeastern part of Southwest China, eastern part of Jiangnan and eastern part of Northeast China. There are 4 ~ 7 winds in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, western Gansu, Northeast China and North China. There is sand blowing or floating dust in southern Xinjiang basin and other places (see Figure 3).

　　From 08: 00 on April 3 to 08: 00 on April 4, there was light snow or sleet in parts of Xinjiang along the Tianshan Mountains, Altay and southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There are small to moderate rains or showers in the northwestern part of North China, the south-central part of Huanghuai, the eastern part of Jianghuai, the south of the Yangtze River and the southwest, among which there is heavy rain in the northern part of Hunan. There are 4 ~ 6 winds in northern and eastern Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hetao, Northeast China, North China, Huanghuai and eastern Jianghuai. Some areas in southern Xinjiang basin and other places have sand blowing or floating dust weather (see Figure 4).

Generally, dynasties in history can maintain relatively abundant martial arts from the early days to the peak of their national strength, but in the Song Dynasty, the population accounted for 35% of the world and the GDP accounted for 75% of the world. From today’s point of view, it is a standard world power, but it seems that it still can’t compete with the Liao country in the north. What caused this rare situation in history?

Full-domain map of northern song dynasty

1. The right to release soldiers by drinking a glass of wine opened up the armed policy of the Song Dynasty, which was different from that of the previous generation.

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the army could not defeat Liao, or it was impossible to defeat Liao after Zhao Kuangyin’s death. This is mainly because the Northern Song Dynasty and Liao State were fundamentally under two different systems. The difference in system determines the strength of their army.

The Liao army or the military organization of the Khitans did not fight against the Central Plains army until the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty. Not to mention the early tribal ambush in the Tang Dynasty, there were several records of Qidan troops going south to conquer the Central Plains in the Five Dynasties. In the confrontation with the five dynasties warlords at that time, both sides won and lost. However, the Liao army never occupied an absolute advantage, or gained a great advantage in a certain aspect. There is even an embarrassing record that after the warlord troops surrounded the five dynasties, they were rushed out of the position by their opponents and defeated the whole army.

2. In the Five Dynasties, the Khitans fought against the Central Plains Army.

However, it was also in the Five Dynasties that warlords or local military groups of our time all posed a great threat to centralization. Therefore, the political development of the Five Dynasties gradually developed from the initial late Tang model to the Northern Song model. Militarily, this development path is concentrated in the deployment of local elite soldiers to serve in the imperial army in the capital. The weakness of the border guards after the Northern Song Dynasty was the final result of this evolutionary route.

3. The areas that traditionally produced high-quality soldiers were not in the actual control area of Song Dynasty.

On the other hand, as several border regions with strong fighting in the Tang Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty basically didn’t touch any of them. In addition to occupying part of Hedong area, Youzhou and the whole Hetao are not under their actual control. These places are exactly the places that are the easiest to produce high-quality soldiers from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. Because the local people have lived on the border between nomadic and farming culture for a long time, they are good at fighting and martial arts, and their folk customs are extremely tough. A large number of defectors from Central Asia and grasslands will also be stationed in the local area. These conditions are beyond the reach of mainland military sources.

The status of soldiers was suppressed to a very low level in Song Dynasty, and they were like slaves.

Since the military base is not good, and the military power and status of generals are not guaranteed, the army naturally cannot have good combat effectiveness. Even if it inherited the imperial army left by Zhao Kuangyin and the remaining Shatuo cavalry at that time, it would soon take the initiative to degenerate under this repressive system.

5. Liao country is also centralized, but it is more like the Federation.

On this basis, the Central Army of Liao State was established, including a large number of cavalry units and corresponding light cavalry forces. There are also many original Qidan aristocratic troops in the local area, which exist in the form of similar private armies. However, these private armies have never become subversive forces to overthrow the legalists, which is the advantage of the Liao federal system. Ordinary local soldiers are also feudal cavalry who depend on land for their livelihood. People with a certain status will have a small number of vassals. In battle, they will form a cavalry unit with the smallest unit.

6. Local autonomy provided Liao with a strong local army.

As for the local troops composed of other ethnic groups, including Han, Xi, Bohai, Mongolian and some Shatuo people, they all have their own infantry and cavalry organizations. The former may rely on cities and villages as units, while the latter may exist as units of cavalry or feudal leaders. When they faced Song Jun, they were often willing to play for Liao. In fact, it is also protecting its own way of life from being eroded by the more northern song dynasty.

These are the reasons why the Northern Song Dynasty could not defeat the Liao army in the founding of the People’s Republic of China. This reason is also accompanied by all the periods when the two dynasties coexisted, even when the Liao regime was wiped out by the Jin Jurchen.

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